SCREEN

SCREEN(1)                                                             General Commands Manual                                                             SCREEN(1)

NAME
screen – screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation

SYNOPSIS
screen [ -options ] [ cmd [ args ] ]
screen -r [[pid.]tty[.host]]
screen -r sessionowner/[[pid.]tty[.host]]

DESCRIPTION
Screen is a full-screen window manager that multiplexes a physical terminal between several processes (typically interactive shells).  Each virtual terminal
provides the functions of a DEC VT100 terminal and, in addition, several control functions from the ISO 6429 (ECMA 48, ANSI X3.64) and  ISO  2022  standards
(e.g.  insert/delete  line  and  support  for multiple character sets).  There is a scrollback history buffer for each virtual terminal and a copy-and-paste
mechanism that allows moving text regions between windows.

When screen is called, it creates a single window with a shell in it (or the specified command) and then gets out of your way so that you can use  the  pro‐
gram  as you normally would.  Then, at any time, you can create new (full-screen) windows with other programs in them (including more shells), kill existing
windows, view a list of windows, turn output logging on and off, copy-and-paste text between windows, view the scrollback history, switch between windows in
whatever  manner you wish, etc. All windows run their programs completely independent of each other. Programs continue to run when their window is currently
not visible and even when the whole screen session is detached from the user’s terminal.  When a program terminates, screen (per default) kills  the  window
that  contained  it.  If this window was in the foreground, the display switches to the previous window; if none are left, screen exits. Shells usually dis‐
tinguish between running as login-shell or sub-shell.  Screen runs them as sub-shells, unless told otherwise (See “shell” .screenrc command).

Everything you type is sent to the program running in the current window.  The only exception to this is the one keystroke that is used to initiate  a  com‐
mand  to  the  window manager.  By default, each command begins with a control-a (abbreviated C-a from now on), and is followed by one other keystroke.  The
command character and all the key bindings can be fully customized to be anything you like, though they are always two characters in length.

Screen does not understand the prefix “C-” to mean control, although this notation is used in this manual for readability.  Please use  the  caret  notation
(“^A” instead of “C-a”) as arguments to e.g. the escape command or the -e option.  Screen will also print out control characters in caret notation.

The  standard  way to create a new window is to type “C-a c”.  This creates a new window running a shell and switches to that window immediately, regardless
of the state of the process running in the current window.  Similarly, you can create a new window with a custom command in it by first binding the  command
to  a  keystroke  (in  your .screenrc file or at the “C-a :” command line) and then using it just like the “C-a c” command.  In addition, new windows can be
created by running a command like:

screen emacs prog.c

from a shell prompt within a previously created window.  This will not run another copy of screen, but will instead supply the command name  and  its  argu‐
ments  to the window manager (specified in the $STY environment variable) who will use it to create the new window.  The above example would start the emacs
editor (editing prog.c) and switch to its window. – Note that you cannot transport environment variables from the invoking shell to the  application  (emacs
in this case), because it is forked from the parent screen process, not from the invoking shell.

If  “/var/run/utmp”  is  writable  by screen, an appropriate record will be written to this file for each window, and removed when the window is terminated.
This is useful for working with “talk”, “script”, “shutdown”, “rsend”, “sccs” and other similar programs that use the utmp file to determine who you are. As
long as screen is active on your terminal, the terminal’s own record is removed from the utmp file. See also “C-a L”.

GETTING STARTED
Before  you  begin  to  use screen you’ll need to make sure you have correctly selected your terminal type, just as you would for any other termcap/terminfo
program.  (You can do this by using tset for example.)

If you’re impatient and want to get started without doing a lot more reading, you should remember this one command:  “C-a ?”.  Typing these  two  characters
will  display a list of the available screen commands and their bindings. Each keystroke is discussed in the section “DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS”. The manual sec‐
tion “CUSTOMIZATION” deals with the contents of your .screenrc.

If your terminal is a “true” auto-margin terminal (it doesn’t allow the last position on the screen to be updated without  scrolling  the  screen)  consider
using  a version of your terminal’s termcap that has automatic margins turned off. This will ensure an accurate and optimal update of the screen in all cir‐
cumstances. Most terminals nowadays have “magic” margins (automatic margins plus usable last column). This is the VT100 style type and perfectly suited  for
screen.   If  all  you’ve  got is a “true” auto-margin terminal screen will be content to use it, but updating a character put into the last position on the
screen may not be possible until the screen scrolls or the character is moved into a safe position in some other way. This delay can be shortened by using a
terminal with insert-character capability.

COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS
Screen has the following command-line options:

-a   include all capabilities (with some minor exceptions) in each window’s termcap, even if screen must redraw parts of the display in order to implement a
function.

-A   Adapt the sizes of all windows to the size of the current terminal.  By default, screen tries to restore its old window sizes when attaching to  resiz‐
able terminals (those with “WS” in its description, e.g. suncmd or some xterm).

-c file
override the default configuration file from “$HOME/.screenrc” to file.

-d|-D [pid.tty.host]
does  not start screen, but detaches the elsewhere running screen session. It has the same effect as typing “C-a d” from screen’s controlling terminal.
-D is the equivalent to the power detach key.  If no session can be detached, this option is ignored. In combination with the -r/-R option more  power‐
ful effects can be achieved:

-d -r   Reattach a session and if necessary detach it first.

-d -R   Reattach a session and if necessary detach or even create it first.

-d -RR  Reattach a session and if necessary detach or create it. Use the first session if more than one session is available.

-D -r   Reattach a session. If necessary detach and logout remotely first.

-D -R   Attach  here  and  now.  In detail this means: If a session is running, then reattach. If necessary detach and logout remotely first.  If it was not
running create it and notify the user. This is the author’s favorite.

-D -RR  Attach here and now. Whatever that means, just do it.

Note: It is always a good idea to check the status of your sessions by means of “screen -list”.

-e xy
specifies the command character to be x and the character generating a literal command character to y (when typed after the  command  character).   The
default  is  “C-a”  and  `a’,  which can be specified as “-e^Aa”.  When creating a screen session, this option sets the default command character. In a
multiuser session all users added will start off with this command character. But when attaching to an already running  session,  this  option  changes
only the command character of the attaching user.  This option is equivalent to either the commands “defescape” or “escape” respectively.

-f, -fn, and -fa
turns flow-control on, off, or “automatic switching mode”.  This can also be defined through the “defflow” .screenrc command.

-h num
Specifies the history scrollback buffer to be num lines high.

-i   will  cause  the  interrupt  key  (usually  C-c) to interrupt the display immediately when flow-control is on.  See the “defflow” .screenrc command for
details.  The use of this option is discouraged.

-l and -ln
turns login mode on or off (for /var/run/utmp updating).  This can also be defined through the “deflogin” .screenrc command.

-ls [match]
-list [match]
does not start screen, but prints a list of pid.tty.host strings and creation timestamps identifying your screen sessions.  Sessions marked  `detached’
can  be  resumed  with  “screen  -r”. Those marked `attached’ are running and have a controlling terminal. If the session runs in multiuser mode, it is
marked `multi’. Sessions marked as `unreachable’ either live on a different host or are `dead’.  An unreachable session is considered  dead,  when  its
name  matches either the name of the local host, or the specified parameter, if any.  See the -r flag for a description how to construct matches.  Ses‐
sions marked as `dead’ should be thoroughly checked and removed.  Ask your system administrator if you are not sure. Remove  sessions  with  the  -wipe
option.

-L   tells screen to turn on automatic output logging for the windows.

-m   causes screen to ignore the $STY environment variable. With “screen -m” creation of a new session is enforced, regardless whether screen is called from
within another screen session or not. This flag has a special meaning in connection with the `-d’ option:

-d -m   Start screen in “detached” mode. This creates a new session but doesn’t attach to it. This is useful for system startup scripts.

-D -m   This also starts screen in “detached” mode, but doesn’t fork a new process. The command exits if the session terminates.

-O   selects a more optimal output mode for your terminal rather than true VT100 emulation (only affects auto-margin terminals without `LP’).  This can also
be set in your .screenrc by specifying `OP’ in a “termcap” command.

-p number_or_name|-|=|+
Preselect  a window. This is useful when you want to reattach to a specific window or you want to send a command via the “-X” option to a specific win‐
dow. As with screen’s select command, “-” selects the blank window. As a special case for reattach, “=” brings up the windowlist on the  blank  window,
while a “+” will create a new window. The command will not be executed if the specified window could not be found.

-q   Suppress  printing  of error messages. In combination with “-ls” the exit value is as follows: 9 indicates a directory without sessions. 10 indicates a
directory with running but not attachable sessions. 11 (or more) indicates 1 (or more) usable sessions.  In combination with “-r” the exit value is  as
follows:  10  indicates that there is no session to resume. 12 (or more) indicates that there are 2 (or more) sessions to resume and you should specify
which one to choose.  In all other cases “-q” has no effect.

-Q   Some commands now can be queried from a remote session using this flag, e.g. “screen -Q windows”. The commands will send the response to the stdout  of
the querying process. If there was an error in the command, then the querying process will exit with a non-zero status.

The commands that can be queried now are:
echo
info
lastmsg
number
select
time
title
windows

-r [pid.tty.host]
-r sessionowner/[pid.tty.host]
resumes a detached screen session.  No other options (except combinations with -d/-D) may be specified, though an optional prefix of [pid.]tty.host may
be needed to distinguish between multiple detached screen sessions.  The second form is used to connect to another user’s screen session which runs  in
multiuser mode. This indicates that screen should look for sessions in another user’s directory. This requires setuid-root.

-R   attempts  to  resume  the  youngest  (in  terms  of creation time) detached screen session it finds.  If successful, all other command-line options are
ignored.  If no detached session exists, starts a new session using the specified options, just as if -R had not been specified. The option is  set  by
default  if  screen is run as a login-shell (actually screen uses “-xRR” in that case).  For combinations with the -d/-D option see there.  Note: Time-
based session selection is a Debian addition.

-s program
sets the default shell to the program specified, instead of the value in the environment variable $SHELL (or “/bin/sh” if not defined).  This can  also
be defined through the “shell” .screenrc command.  See also there.

-S sessionname
When  creating a new session, this option can be used to specify a meaningful name for the session. This name identifies the session for “screen -list”
and “screen -r” actions. It substitutes the default [tty.host] suffix.

-t name
sets the title (a.k.a.) for the default shell or specified program.  See also the “shelltitle” .screenrc command.

-T term
Set the $TERM environment varible using the spcified term as opposed to the defualt setting of screen.

-U   Run screen in UTF-8 mode. This option tells screen that your terminal sends and understands UTF-8 encoded characters. It also sets the default encoding
for new windows to `utf8′.

-v   Print version number.

-wipe [match]
does  the  same as “screen -ls”, but removes destroyed sessions instead of marking them as `dead’.  An unreachable session is considered dead, when its
name matches either the name of the local host, or the explicitly given parameter, if any.  See the -r flag for a description how to construct matches.

-x   Attach to a not detached screen session. (Multi display mode).  Screen refuses to attach from within itself.   But  when  cascading  multiple  screens,
loops are not detected; take care.

-X   Send  the  specified  command  to a running screen session. You may use the -S option to specify the screen session if you have several screen sessions
running. You can use the -d or -r option to tell screen to look only for attached or detached screen sessions. Note that this command doesn’t  work  if
the session is password protected.

-4   Resolve hostnames only to IPv4 addresses.

-6   Resolve hostnames only to IPv6 addresses.

DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS
As mentioned, each screen command consists of a “C-a” followed by one other character.  For your convenience, all commands that are bound to lower-case let‐
ters are also bound to their control character counterparts (with the exception of “C-a a”; see below), thus, “C-a c” as well as “C-a C-c” can  be  used  to
create a window. See section “CUSTOMIZATION” for a description of the command.

The following table shows the default key bindings:

C-a ‘       (select)      Prompt for a window name or number to switch to.

C-a ”       (windowlist -b)
Present a list of all windows for selection.

C-a 0       (select 0)
…             …
C-a 9       (select 9)
C-a –       (select -)    Switch to window number 0 – 9, or to the blank window.

C-a tab     (focus)       Switch the input focus to the next region.  See also split, remove, only.

C-a C-a     (other)       Toggle  to the window displayed previously.  Note that this binding defaults to the command character typed twice, unless overrid‐
den.  For instance, if you use the option “-e]x”, this command becomes “]]”.

C-a a       (meta)        Send the command character (C-a) to window. See escape command.

C-a A       (title)       Allow the user to enter a name for the current window.

C-a b
C-a C-b     (break)       Send a break to window.

C-a B       (pow_break)   Reopen the terminal line and send a break.

C-a c
C-a C-c     (screen)      Create a new window with a shell and switch to that window.

C-a C       (clear)       Clear the screen.

C-a d
C-a C-d     (detach)      Detach screen from this terminal.

C-a D D     (pow_detach)  Detach and logout.

C-a f
C-a C-f     (flow)        Toggle flow on, off or auto.

C-a F       (fit)         Resize the window to the current region size.

C-a C-g     (vbell)       Toggles screen’s visual bell mode.

C-a h       (hardcopy)    Write a hardcopy of the current window to the file “hardcopy.n”.

C-a H       (log)         Begins/ends logging of the current window to the file “screenlog.n”.

C-a i
C-a C-i     (info)        Show info about this window.

C-a k
C-a C-k     (kill)        Destroy current window.

C-a l
C-a C-l     (redisplay)   Fully refresh current window.

C-a L       (login)       Toggle this windows login slot. Available only if screen is configured to update the utmp database.

C-a m
C-a C-m     (lastmsg)     Repeat the last message displayed in the message line.

C-a M       (monitor)     Toggles monitoring of the current window.

C-a space
C-a n
C-a C-n     (next)        Switch to the next window.

C-a N       (number)      Show the number (and title) of the current window.

C-a backspace
C-a C-h
C-a p
C-a C-p     (prev)        Switch to the previous window (opposite of C-a n).

C-a q
C-a C-q     (xon)         Send a control-q to the current window.

C-a Q       (only)        Delete all regions but the current one.  See also split, remove, focus.

C-a r
C-a C-r     (wrap)        Toggle the current window’s line-wrap setting (turn the current window’s automatic margins on and off).

C-a s
C-a C-s     (xoff)        Send a control-s to the current window.

C-a S       (split)       Split the current region horizontally into two new ones.  See also only, remove, focus.

C-a t
C-a C-t     (time)        Show system information.

C-a v       (version)     Display the version and compilation date.

C-a C-v     (digraph)     Enter digraph.

C-a w
C-a C-w     (windows)     Show a list of window.

C-a W       (width)       Toggle 80/132 columns.

C-a x
C-a C-x     (lockscreen)  Lock this terminal.

C-a X       (remove)      Kill the current region.  See also split, only, focus.

C-a z
C-a C-z     (suspend)     Suspend screen.  Your system must support BSD-style job-control.

C-a Z       (reset)       Reset the virtual terminal to its “power-on” values.

C-a .       (dumptermcap) Write out a “.termcap” file.

C-a ?       (help)        Show key bindings.

C-a \       (quit)        Kill all windows and terminate screen.

C-a :       (colon)       Enter command line mode.

C-a [
C-a C-[
C-a esc     (copy)        Enter copy/scrollback mode.

C-a C-]
C-a ]       (paste .)     Write the contents of the paste buffer to the stdin queue of the current window.

C-a {
C-a }       (history)     Copy and paste a previous (command) line.

C-a >       (writebuf)    Write paste buffer to a file.

C-a <       (readbuf)     Reads the screen-exchange file into the paste buffer.

C-a =       (removebuf)   Removes the file used by C-a < and C-a >.

C-a ,       (license)     Shows where screen comes from, where it went to and why you can use it.

C-a _       (silence)     Start/stop monitoring the current window for inactivity.

C-a |       (split -v)    Split the current region vertically into two new ones.

C-a *       (displays)    Show a listing of all currently attached displays.

CUSTOMIZATION
The “socket directory” defaults either to $HOME/.screen or simply to /tmp/screens or preferably to /var/run/screen chosen  at  compile-time.  If  screen  is
installed  setuid-root,  then  the administrator should compile screen with an adequate (not NFS mounted) socket directory. If screen is not running setuid-
root, the user can specify any mode 700 directory in the environment variable $SCREENDIR.

When screen is invoked, it executes initialization commands from the files “/etc/screenrc” and “.screenrc” in the user’s home directory. These are the “pro‐
grammer’s  defaults”  that  can  be overridden in the following ways: for the global screenrc file screen searches for the environment variable $SYSSCREENRC
(this override feature may be disabled at compile-time). The user specific screenrc file is searched in $SCREENRC, then $HOME/.screenrc.  The  command  line
option -c takes precedence over the above user screenrc files.

Commands  in these files are used to set options, bind functions to keys, and to automatically establish one or more windows at the beginning of your screen
session.  Commands are listed one per line, with empty lines being ignored.  A command’s arguments are separated by tabs or spaces, and may be surrounded by
single  or  double quotes.  A `#’ turns the rest of the line into a comment, except in quotes.  Unintelligible lines are warned about and ignored.  Commands
may contain references to environment variables. The syntax is the shell-like “$VAR ” or “${VAR}”. Note  that  this  causes  incompatibility  with  previous
screen  versions,  as  now  the ‘$’-character has to be protected with ‘\’ if no variable substitution shall be performed. A string in single-quotes is also
protected from variable substitution.

Two configuration files are shipped as examples with your screen distribution: “etc/screenrc” and “etc/etcscreenrc”. They contain a number of  useful  exam‐
ples for various commands.

Customization can also be done ‘on-line’. To enter the command mode type `C-a :’. Note that commands starting with “def” change default values, while others
change current settings.

The following commands are available:

acladd usernames [crypted-pw]
addacl usernames

Enable users to fully access this screen session. Usernames can be one user or a comma separated list of users. This command enables to attach to the screen
session and performs the equivalent of `aclchg usernames +rwx “#?”‘.  executed. To add a user with restricted access, use the `aclchg’ command below.  If an
optional second parameter is supplied, it should be a crypted password for the named user(s). `Addacl’ is a synonym to `acladd’.  Multi user mode only.

aclchg usernames permbits list
chacl usernames permbits list

Change permissions for a comma separated list of users. Permission bits are represented as `r’, `w’ and  `x’.  Prefixing  `+’  grants  the  permission,  `-‘
removes  it.  The third parameter is a comma separated list of commands and/or windows (specified either by number or title). The special list `#’ refers to
all windows, `?’ to all commands. if usernames consists of a single `*’, all known users are affected.  A command can be executed when the user has the  `x’
bit  for  it.   The  user can type input to a window when he has its `w’ bit set and no other user obtains a writelock for this window.  Other bits are cur‐
rently ignored.  To withdraw the writelock from another user in window 2: `aclchg username -w+w 2′.  To allow read-only access to the session: `aclchg user‐
name  -w  “#”‘. As soon as a user’s name is known to screen he can attach to the session and (per default) has full permissions for all command and windows.
Execution permission for the acl commands, `at’ and others should also be removed or the user may be able to regain write permission.  Rights of the special
username nobody cannot be changed (see the “su” command).  `Chacl’ is a synonym to `aclchg’.  Multi user mode only.

acldel username

Remove  a  user  from  screen’s  access  control list. If currently attached, all the user’s displays are detached from the session. He cannot attach again.
Multi user mode only.

aclgrp username [groupname]

Creates groups of users that share common access rights. The name of the group is the username of the group leader. Each member of the  group  inherits  the
permissions  that  are  granted  to  the  group  leader. That means, if a user fails an access check, another check is made for the group leader.  A user is
removed from all groups the special value “none” is used for groupname.  If the second parameter is omitted all groups the user is in are listed.

aclumask [[users]+bits |[users]-bits …. ]
umask [[users]+bits |[users]-bits …. ]

This specifies the access other users have to windows that will be created by the caller of the command.  Users may be no, one or a comma separated list  of
known  usernames. If no users are specified, a list of all currently known users is assumed.  Bits is any combination of access control bits allowed defined
with the “aclchg” command. The special username “?” predefines the access that not yet known users will be granted to any  window  initially.   The  special
username  “??”  predefines the access that not yet known users are granted to any command.  Rights of the special username nobody cannot be changed (see the
“su” command).  `Umask’ is a synonym to `aclumask’.

activity message

When any activity occurs in a background window that is being monitored, screen displays a notification in the message line.  The notification  message  can
be re-defined by means of the “activity” command.  Each occurrence of `%’ in message is replaced by the number of the window in which activity has occurred,
and each occurrence of `^G’ is replaced by the definition for bell in your termcap (usually an audible bell).  The default message is

‘Activity in window %n’

Note that monitoring is off for all windows by default, but can be altered by use of the “monitor” command (C-a M).

allpartial on|off

If set to on, only the current cursor line is refreshed on window change.  This affects all windows and is useful for slow terminal lines. The previous set‐
ting of full/partial refresh for each window is restored with “allpartial off”.  This is a global flag that immediately takes effect on all windows overrid‐
ing the “partial” settings. It does not change the default redraw behavior of newly created windows.

altscreen on|off

If set to on, “alternate screen” support is enabled in virtual terminals, just like in xterm.  Initial setting is `off’.

at [identifier][#|*|%] command [args … ]

Execute a command at other displays or windows as if it had been entered there.  “At” changes the context (the `current window’ or  `current  display’  set‐
ting)  of  the command. If the first parameter describes a non-unique context, the command will be executed multiple times. If the first parameter is of the
form `identifier*’ then identifier is matched against user names.  The command is executed once for each display of  the  selected  user(s).  If  the  first
parameter  is  of  the  form  `identifier%’  identifier  is  matched  against displays. Displays are named after the ttys they attach. The prefix `/dev/’ or
`/dev/tty’ may be omitted from the identifier.  If identifier has a `#’ or nothing appended it is matched against window numbers  and  titles.  Omitting  an
identifier  in  front of the `#’, `*’ or `%’-character selects all users, displays or windows because a prefix-match is performed. Note that on the affected
display(s) a short message will describe what happened. Permission is checked for initiator of the “at” command, not for the owners  of  the  affected  dis‐
play(s).   Note  that the ‘#’ character works as a comment introducer when it is preceded by whitespace. This can be escaped by prefixing a ‘\’.  Permission
is checked for the initiator of the “at” command, not for the owners of the affected display(s).
Caveat: When matching against windows, the command is executed at least once per window. Commands that change the  internal  arrangement  of  windows  (like
“other”)  may  be called again. In shared windows the command will be repeated for each attached display. Beware, when issuing toggle commands like “login”!
Some commands (e.g. “process”) require that a display is associated with the target windows.  These commands may not work correctly under “at” looping  over
windows.

attrcolor attrib [attribute/color-modifier]

This  command  can be used to highlight attributes by changing the color of the text. If the attribute attrib is in use, the specified attribute/color modi‐
fier is also applied. If no modifier is given, the current one is deleted. See the “STRING ESCAPES” chapter for the syntax of the  modifier.  Screen  under‐
stands two pseudo-attributes, “i” stands for high-intensity foreground color and “I” for high-intensity background color.

Examples:

attrcolor b “R”

Change the color to bright red if bold text is to be printed.

attrcolor u “-u b”

Use blue text instead of underline.

attrcolor b “.I”

Use bright colors for bold text. Most terminal emulators do this already.

attrcolor i “+b”

Make bright colored text also bold.

autodetach on|off

Sets  whether  screen  will  automatically  detach upon hangup, which saves all your running programs until they are resumed with a screen -r command.  When
turned off, a hangup signal will terminate screen and all the processes it contains. Autodetach is on by default.

autonuke on|off

Sets whether a clear screen sequence should nuke all the output that has not been written to the terminal. See also “obuflimit”.

backtick id lifespan autorefresh cmd args…
backtick id

Program the backtick command with the numerical id id.  The output of such a command is used for substitution of the “%`” string escape. The specified life‐
span  is  the  number  of seconds the output is considered valid. After this time, the command is run again if a corresponding string escape is encountered.
The autorefresh parameter triggers an automatic refresh for caption and hardstatus strings after the specified number of seconds. Only the last line of out‐
put is used for substitution.
If  both  the  lifespan  and  the  autorefresh parameters are zero, the backtick program is expected to stay in the background and generate output once in a
while.  In this case, the command is executed right away and screen stores the last line of output. If a new line gets  printed  screen  will  automatically
refresh the hardstatus or the captions.
The second form of the command deletes the backtick command with the numerical id id.

bce [on|off]

Change background-color-erase setting. If “bce” is set to on, all characters cleared by an erase/insert/scroll/clear operation will be displayed in the cur‐
rent background color. Otherwise the default background color is used.

bell_msg [message]

When a bell character is sent to a background window, screen displays a notification in the message line.  The notification message  can  be  re-defined  by
this  command.   Each  occurrence  of  `%’  in message is replaced by the number of the window to which a bell has been sent, and each occurrence of `^G’ is
replaced by the definition for bell in your termcap (usually an audible bell).  The default message is

‘Bell in window %n’

An empty message can be supplied to the “bell_msg” command to suppress output of a message line (bell_msg “”).  Without parameter, the  current  message  is
shown.

bind [-c class] key [command [args]]

Bind  a command to a key.  By default, most of the commands provided by screen are bound to one or more keys as indicated in the “DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS” sec‐
tion, e.g. the command to create a new window is bound to “C-c” and “c”.  The “bind” command can be used to redefine the key  bindings  and  to  define  new
bindings.  The key argument is either a single character, a two-character sequence of the form “^x” (meaning “C-x”), a backslash followed by an octal number
(specifying the ASCII code of the character), or a backslash followed by a second character, such as “\^” or “\\”.  The argument can also be quoted, if  you
like.   If no further argument is given, any previously established binding for this key is removed.  The command argument can be any command listed in this
section.

If a command class is specified via the “-c” option, the key is bound for the specified class. Use the  “command”  command  to  activate  a  class.  Command
classes can be used to create multiple command keys or multi-character bindings.

Some examples:

bind ‘ ‘ windows
bind ^k
bind k
bind K kill
bind ^f screen telnet foobar
bind \033 screen -ln -t root -h 1000 9 su

would  bind  the  space key to the command that displays a list of windows (so that the command usually invoked by “C-a C-w” would also be available as “C-a
space”). The next three lines remove the default kill binding from “C-a C-k” and “C-a k”.  “C-a K” is then bound to the kill command. Then it binds “C-f” to
the  command  “create  a window with a TELNET connection to foobar”, and bind “escape” to the command that creates an non-login window with a.k.a. “root” in
slot #9, with a superuser shell and a scrollback buffer of 1000 lines.

bind -c demo1 0 select 10
bind -c demo1 1 select 11
bind -c demo1 2 select 12
bindkey “^B” command -c demo1

makes “C-b 0” select window 10, “C-b 1” window 11, etc.

bind -c demo2 0 select 10
bind -c demo2 1 select 11
bind -c demo2 2 select 12
bind – command -c demo2

makes “C-a – 0” select window 10, “C-a – 1” window 11, etc.

bindkey [-d] [-m] [-a] [[-k|-t] string [cmd args]]

This command manages screen’s input translation tables. Every entry in one of the tables tells screen how to react if a certain sequence  of  characters  is
encountered. There are three tables: one that should contain actions programmed by the user, one for the default actions used for terminal emulation and one
for screen’s copy mode to do cursor movement. See section “INPUT TRANSLATION” for a list of default key bindings.
If the -d option is given, bindkey modifies the default table, -m changes the copy mode table and with neither option the user table is selected.  The argu‐
ment  string  is the sequence of characters to which an action is bound. This can either be a fixed string or a termcap keyboard capability name (selectable
with the -k option).
Some keys on a VT100 terminal can send a different string if application mode is turned on (e.g the cursor keys).  Such keys have two entries in the  trans‐
lation table. You can select the application mode entry by specifying the -a option.
The -t option tells screen not to do inter-character timing. One cannot turn off the timing if a termcap capability is used.
Cmd can be any of screen’s commands with an arbitrary number of args.  If cmd is omitted the key-binding is removed from the table.
Here are some examples of keyboard bindings:

bindkey -d
Show all of the default key bindings. The application mode entries are marked with [A].

bindkey -k k1 select 1
Make the “F1” key switch to window one.

bindkey -t foo stuff barfoo
Make “foo” an abbreviation of the word “barfoo”. Timeout is disabled so that users can type slowly.

bindkey “\024” mapdefault
This  key-binding  makes  “^T”  an  escape  character  for key-bindings. If you did the above “stuff barfoo” binding, you can enter the word “foo” by typing
“^Tfoo”. If you want to insert a “^T” you have to press the key twice (i.e., escape the escape binding).

bindkey -k F1 command
Make the F11 (not F1!) key an alternative screen escape (besides ^A).

break [duration]

Send a break signal for duration*0.25 seconds to this window.  For non-Posix systems the time interval may be rounded up to full seconds.  Most useful if  a
character  device is attached to the window rather than a shell process (See also chapter “WINDOW TYPES”). The maximum duration of a break signal is limited
to 15 seconds.

blanker

Activate the screen blanker. First the screen is cleared. If no blanker program is defined, the cursor is turned off, otherwise, the program is started  and
it’s output is written to the screen.  The screen blanker is killed with the first keypress, the read key is discarded.
This command is normally used together with the “idle” command.

blankerprg [program args]

Defines a blanker program. Disables the blanker program if an empty argument is given. Shows the currently set blanker program if no arguments are given.

breaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK |TCSBRK]

Choose  one  of  the  available methods of generating a break signal for terminal devices. This command should affect the current window only.  But it still
behaves identical to “defbreaktype”. This will be changed in the future.  Calling “breaktype” with no parameter displays the break method  for  the  current
window.

bufferfile [exchange-file]

Change  the  filename used for reading and writing with the paste buffer.  If the optional argument to the “bufferfile” command is omitted, the default set‐
ting (“/tmp/screen-exchange”) is reactivated.  The following example will paste the system’s password file into the screen window (using the  paste  buffer,
where a copy remains):

C-a : bufferfile /etc/passwd
C-a < C-a ]
C-a : bufferfile

c1 [on|off]

Change  c1 code processing. “C1 on” tells screen to treat the input characters between 128 and 159 as control functions.  Such an 8-bit code is normally the
same as ESC followed by the corresponding 7-bit code. The default setting is to process c1 codes and can be changed with the “defc1”  command.   Users  with
fonts that have usable characters in the c1 positions may want to turn this off.

caption always|splitonly [string]
caption string [string]

This  command  controls  the  display  of the window captions. Normally a caption is only used if more than one window is shown on the display (split screen
mode). But if the type is set to always screen shows a caption even if only one window is displayed. The default is splitonly.

The second form changes the text used for the caption. You can use all escapes from the “STRING ESCAPES” chapter. Screen uses a default of `%3n %t’.

You can mix both forms by providing a string as an additional argument.

charset set
Change the current character set slot designation and charset mapping.  The first four character of set are treated as charset designators while  the  fifth
and  sixth  character  must be in range ‘0’ to ‘3’ and set the GL/GR charset mapping. On every position a ‘.’ may be used to indicate that the corresponding
charset/mapping should not be changed (set is padded to six characters internally by appending ‘.’  chars). New windows have “BBBB02”  as  default  charset,
unless a “encoding” command is active.
The current setting can be viewed with the “info” command.

chdir [directory]

Change  the  current  directory of screen to the specified directory or, if called without an argument, to your home directory (the value of the environment
variable $HOME).  All windows that are created by means of the “screen” command from within “.screenrc” or by means of “C-a : screen …” or “C-a c” use  this
as  their default directory.  Without a chdir command, this would be the directory from which screen was invoked.  Hardcopy and log files are always written
to the window’s default directory, not the current directory of the process running in the window.   You  can  use  this  command  multiple  times  in  your
.screenrc to start various windows in different default directories, but the last chdir value will affect all the windows you create interactively.

cjkwidth [ on | off ]

Treat ambiguous width characters as full/half width.

clear

Clears the current window and saves its image to the scrollback buffer.

colon [prefix]

Allows you to enter “.screenrc” command lines. Useful for on-the-fly modification of key bindings, specific window creation and changing settings. Note that
the “set” keyword no longer exists! Usually commands affect the current window rather than default settings for future windows. Change  defaults  with  com‐
mands starting with ‘def…’.

If you consider this as the `Ex command mode’ of screen, you may regard “C-a esc” (copy mode) as its `Vi command mode’.

command [-c class]

This  command  has  the  same  effect as typing the screen escape character (^A). It is probably only useful for key bindings.  If the “-c” option is given,
select the specified command class.  See also “bind” and “bindkey”.

compacthist [on|off]

This tells screen whether to suppress trailing blank lines when scrolling up text into the history buffer.

console [on|off]

Grabs or un-grabs the machines console output to a window.  Note: Only the owner of /dev/console can grab the console output.  This command is  only  avail‐
able if the machine supports the ioctl TIOCCONS.

copy

Enter  copy/scrollback mode. This allows you to copy text from the current window and its history into the paste buffer. In this mode a vi-like `full screen
editor’ is active:
Movement keys:
h, C-h, or left arrow move the cursor left.
j, C-n, or down arrow move the cursor down.
k, C-p, or up arrow move the cursor up.
l (‘el’) or right arrow move the cursor right.
0 (zero) or C-a move to the leftmost column.
+ and – positions one line up and down.
H, M and L move the cursor to the leftmost column of the top, center or bottom line of the window.
| moves to the specified absolute column.
g or home moves to the beginning of the buffer.
G or end moves to the specified absolute line (default: end of buffer).
% jumps to the specified percentage of the buffer.
^ or $ move to the leftmost column, to the first or last non-whitespace character on the line.
w, b, and e move the cursor word by word.
B, E move the cursor WORD by WORD (as in vi).
f/F, t/T move the cursor forward/backward to the next occurence of the target. (eg, ‘3fy’ will move the cursor to the 3rd ‘y’ to the right.)
; and , Repeat the last f/F/t/T command in the same/opposite direction.
C-e and C-y scroll the display up/down by one line while preserving the cursor position.
C-u and C-d scroll the display up/down by the specified amount of lines while preserving the cursor position. (Default: half screen-full).
C-b and C-f scroll the display up/down a full screen.
Note:
Emacs style movement keys can be customized by a .screenrc command.  (E.g. markkeys “h=^B:l=^F:$=^E”) There is no simple method for a  full  emacs-style
keymap, as this involves multi-character codes.

Marking:
The copy range is specified by setting two marks. The text between these marks will be highlighted. Press:
space or enter to set the first or second mark respectively. If mousetrack is set to `on’, marks can also be set using left mouse click.
Y and y used to mark one whole line or to mark from start of line.
W marks exactly one word.
Repeat count:
Any of these commands can be prefixed with a repeat count number by pressing digits
0..9 which is taken as a repeat count.
Example: “C-a C-[ H 10 j 5 Y” will copy lines 11 to 15 into the paste buffer.
Searching:
/ Vi-like search forward.
? Vi-like search backward.
C-a s Emacs style incremental search forward.
C-r Emacs style reverse i-search.
n Find next search pattern.
N Find previous search pattern.
Specials:
There are however some keys that act differently than in vi.  Vi does not allow one to yank rectangular blocks of text, but screen does. Press:
c or C to set the left or right margin respectively. If no repeat count is given, both default to the current cursor position.
Example: Try this on a rather full text screen: “C-a [ M 20 l SPACE c 10 l 5 j C SPACE”.

This  moves  one to the middle line of the screen, moves in 20 columns left, marks the beginning of the paste buffer, sets the left column, moves 5 col‐
umns down, sets the right column, and then marks the end of the paste buffer. Now try:
“C-a [ M 20 l SPACE 10 l 5 j SPACE”

and notice the difference in the amount of text copied.
J joins lines. It toggles between 4 modes: lines separated by a newline character (012), lines glued seamless, lines separated by a single whitespace  and
comma separated lines. Note that you can prepend the newline character with a carriage return character, by issuing a “crlf on”.
v or V is for all the vi users with “:set numbers” – it toggles the left margin between column 9 and 1. Press
a before the final space key to toggle in append mode. Thus the contents of the paste buffer will not be overwritten, but is appended to.
A toggles in append mode and sets a (second) mark.
> sets the (second) mark and writes the contents of the paste buffer to the screen-exchange file (/tmp/screen-exchange per default) once copy-mode is fin‐
ished.
This example demonstrates how to dump the whole scrollback buffer to that file: “C-A [ g SPACE G $ >”.
C-g gives information about the current line and column.
x or o exchanges the first mark and the current cursor position. You can use this to adjust an already placed mark.
C-l (‘el’) will redraw the screen.
@ does nothing. Does not even exit copy mode.
All keys not described here exit copy mode.

copy_reg [key]

No longer exists, use “readreg” instead.

crlf [on|off]

This affects the copying of text regions with the `C-a [‘ command. If it is set to `on’, lines will be separated by the two character sequence `CR’ –  `LF’.
Otherwise (default) only `LF’ is used.  When no parameter is given, the state is toggled.

debug on|off

Turns  runtime debugging on or off. If screen has been compiled with option -DDEBUG debugging available and is turned on per default. Note that this command
only affects debugging output from the main “SCREEN” process correctly. Debug output from attacher processes can only be turned off once and forever.

defc1 on|off

Same as the c1 command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `on’.

defautonuke on|off

Same as the autonuke command except that the default setting for new displays is changed. Initial setting is `off’.  Note that you can use the special  `AN’
terminal capability if you want to have a dependency on the terminal type.

defbce on|off
Same as the bce command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off’.

defbreaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK |TCSBRK]

Choose  one of the available methods of generating a break signal for terminal devices. The preferred methods are tcsendbreak and TIOCSBRK.  The third, TCS‐
BRK, blocks the complete screen session for the duration of the break, but it may be the only way to generate long breaks.  Tcsendbreak and TIOCSBRK may  or
may  not  produce  long  breaks with spikes (e.g. 4 per second). This is not only system-dependent, this also differs between serial board drivers.  Calling
“defbreaktype” with no parameter displays the current setting.

defcharset [set]

Like the charset command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Shows current default if called without argument.

defescape xy

Set the default command characters. This is equivalent to the “escape” except that it is useful multiuser sessions only. In  a  multiuser  session  “escape”
changes the command character of the calling user, where “defescape” changes the default command characters for users that will be added later.

defflow on|off|auto [interrupt]

Same  as the flow command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `auto’.  Specifying “defflow auto interrupt” is the
same as the command-line options -fa and -i.

defgr on|off

Same as the gr command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off’.

defhstatus [status]

The hardstatus line that all new windows will get is set to status.  This command is useful to make the hardstatus of every window display the window number
or  title  or the like.  Status may contain the same directives as in the window messages, but the directive escape character is ‘^E’ (octal 005) instead of
‘%’.  This was done to make a misinterpretation of program generated hardstatus lines impossible.  If the parameter status is omitted, the  current  default
string is displayed.  Per default the hardstatus line of new windows is empty.

defencoding enc

Same as the encoding command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is the encoding taken from the terminal.

deflog on|off

Same as the log command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off’.

deflogin on|off

Same as the login command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. This is initialized with `on’ as distributed (see config.h.in).

defmode mode

The mode of each newly allocated pseudo-tty is set to mode.  Mode is an octal number.  When no “defmode” command is given, mode 0622 is used.

defmonitor on|off

Same as the monitor command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off’.

defmousetrack on|off

Same as the mousetrack command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off’.

defnonblock on|off|numsecs

Same as the nonblock command except that the default setting for displays is changed. Initial setting is `off’.

defobuflimit limit

Same  as the obuflimit command except that the default setting for new displays is changed. Initial setting is 256 bytes.  Note that you can use the special
‘OL’ terminal capability if you want to have a dependency on the terminal type.

defscrollback num

Same as the scrollback command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is 100.

defshell command

Synonym to the shell .screenrc command. See there.

defsilence on|off

Same as the silence command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off’.

defslowpaste msec”

Same as the slowpaste command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is 0 milliseconds, meaning `off’.

defutf8 on|off

Same as the utf8 command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `on’ if screen  was  started  with  “-U”,  otherwise
`off’.

defwrap on|off

Same  as  the  wrap command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initially line-wrap is on and can be toggled with the “wrap” command
(“C-a r”) or by means of “C-a : wrap on|off”.

defwritelock on|off|auto

Same as the writelock command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initially writelocks will off.

defzombie [keys]

Synonym to the zombie command. Both currently change the default.  See there.

detach [-h]

Detach the screen session (disconnect it from the terminal and put it into the background).  This returns you to the shell  where  you  invoked  screen.   A
detached  screen  can  be resumed by invoking screen with the -r option (see also section “COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS”). The -h option tells screen to immediately
close the connection to the terminal (“hangup”).

dinfo

Show what screen thinks about your terminal. Useful if you want to know why features like color or the alternate charset don’t work.

displays

Shows a tabular listing of all currently connected user front-ends (displays).  This is most useful for multiuser sessions.  The following keys can be  used
in displays list:
k, C-p, or up Move up one line.
j, C-n, or down Move down one line.
C-a or home Move to the first line.
C-e or end Move to the last line.
C-u or C-d Move one half page up or down.
C-b or C-f Move one full page up or down.
mouseclick Move to the selected line. Available when “mousetrack” is set to on.
space Refresh the list
d Detach that display
D Power detach that display
C-g, enter, or escape Exit the list

The following is an example of what “displays” could look like:

xterm 80×42 jnweiger@/dev/ttyp4     0(m11)   &rWx
facit 80×24 mlschroe@/dev/ttyhf nb 11(tcsh)   rwx
xterm 80×42 jnhollma@/dev/ttyp5     0(m11)   &R.x
(A)   (B)     (C)     (D)     (E) (F)(G)   (H)(I)

The legend is as follows:
(A) The terminal type known by screen for this display.
(B) Displays geometry as width x height.
(C) Username who is logged in at the display.
(D) Device name of the display or the attached device
(E) Display is in blocking or nonblocking mode. The available modes are “nb”, “NB”, “Z<“, “Z>”, and “BL”.
(F) Number of the window
(G) Name/title of window
(H) Whether the window is shared
(I) Window permissions. Made up of three characters:
(1st character)
‘-’ : no read
‘r’ : read
‘R’ : read only due to foreign wlock
(2nd character)
‘-’ : no write
‘.’ : write suppressed by foreign wlock
‘w’ : write
‘W’ : own wlock
(3rd character)
‘-’ : no execute
‘x’ : execute

“Displays” needs a region size of at least 10 characters wide and 5 characters high in order to display.

digraph [preset[unicode-value]]

This command prompts the user for a digraph sequence. The next two characters typed are looked up in a builtin table and the resulting character is inserted
in the input stream. For example, if the user enters ‘a”‘, an a-umlaut will be inserted. If the first character entered is a 0 (zero), screen will treat the
following  characters (up to three) as an octal number instead.  The optional argument preset is treated as user input, thus one can create an “umlaut” key.
For example the command “bindkey ^K digraph ‘”‘” enables the user to generate an a-umlaut by typing CTRL-K a.  When a non-zero unicode-value is specified, a
new digraph is created with the specified preset. The digraph is unset if a zero value is provided for the unicode-value.

dumptermcap

Write  the  termcap  entry for the virtual terminal optimized for the currently active window to the file “.termcap” in the user’s “$HOME/.screen” directory
(or wherever screen stores its sockets. See the “FILES” section below).  This termcap entry is identical to the value of the environment  variable  $TERMCAP
that is set up by screen for each window. For terminfo based systems you will need to run a converter like captoinfo and then compile the entry with tic.

echo [-n] message

The  echo command may be used to annoy screen users with a ‘message of the day’. Typically installed in a global /etc/screenrc.  The option “-n” may be used
to suppress the line feed.  See also “sleep”.  Echo is also useful for online checking of environment variables.

encoding enc [enc]

Tell screen how to interpret the input/output. The first argument sets the encoding of the current window. Each window can emulate a different encoding. The
optional  second  parameter  overwrites  the  encoding  of the connected terminal. It should never be needed as screen uses the locale setting to detect the
encoding.  There is also a way to select a terminal encoding depending on the terminal type by using the “KJ” termcap entry.

Supported encodings are eucJP, SJIS, eucKR, eucCN, Big5, GBK, KOI8-R, CP1251, UTF-8,  ISO8859-2,  ISO8859-3,  ISO8859-4,  ISO8859-5,  ISO8859-6,  ISO8859-7,
ISO8859-8, ISO8859-9, ISO8859-10, ISO8859-15, jis.

See also “defencoding”, which changes the default setting of a new window.

escape xy

Set  the command character to x and the character generating a literal command character (by triggering the “meta” command) to y (similar to the -e option).
Each argument is either a single character, a two-character sequence of the form “^x” (meaning “C-x”), a backslash followed by an octal  number  (specifying
the ASCII code of the character), or a backslash followed by a second character, such as “\^” or “\\”.  The default is “^Aa”.

eval command1 [command2 …]

Parses and executes each argument as separate command.

exec [[fdpat] newcommand [args …]]

Run  a  unix  subprocess (specified by an executable path newcommand and its optional arguments) in the current window. The flow of data between newcommands
stdin/stdout/stderr, the process originally started in the window (let us call it “application-process”) and screen itself (window)  is  controlled  by  the
file descriptor pattern fdpat.  This pattern is basically a three character sequence representing stdin, stdout and stderr of newcommand. A dot (.) connects
the file descriptor to screen.  An exclamation mark (!) causes the file descriptor to be connected to the application-process. A colon  (:)  combines  both.
User  input  will go to newcommand unless newcommand receives the application-process’ output (fdpats first character is `!’ or `:’) or a pipe symbol (|) is
added (as a fourth character) to the end of fdpat.
Invoking `exec’ without arguments shows name and arguments of the currently running subprocess in this window. Only one subprocess a time can be running  in
each window.
When a subprocess is running the `kill’ command will affect it instead of the windows process.
Refer  to  the postscript file `doc/fdpat.ps’ for a confusing illustration of all 21 possible combinations. Each drawing shows the digits 2,1,0 representing
the three file descriptors of newcommand. The box marked `W’ is the usual pty that has the application-process on its slave side.  The box marked `P’ is the
secondary pty that now has screen at its master side.

Abbreviations:
Whitespace  between the word `exec’ and fdpat and the command can be omitted. Trailing dots and a fdpat consisting only of dots can be omitted. A simple `|’
is synonymous for the pattern `!..|’; the word exec can be omitted here and can always be replaced by `!’.

Examples:

exec … /bin/sh
exec /bin/sh
!/bin/sh

Creates another shell in the same window, while the original shell is still running. Output of both shells is displayed and user input is sent  to  the  new
/bin/sh.

exec !.. stty 19200
exec ! stty 19200
!!stty 19200

Set the speed of the window’s tty. If your stty command operates on stdout, then add another `!’.

exec !..| less
|less

This adds a pager to the window output. The special character `|’ is needed to give the user control over the pager although it gets its input from the win‐
dow’s process. This works, because less listens on stderr (a behavior that screen would not expect without the `|’) when its stdin is not a tty.  Less  ver‐
sions newer than 177 fail miserably here; good old pg still works.

!:sed -n s/.*Error.*/\007/p

Sends  window  output  to  both,  the user and the sed command. The sed inserts an additional bell character (oct. 007) to the window output seen by screen.
This will cause “Bell in window x” messages, whenever the string “Error” appears in the window.

fit

Change the window size to the size of the current region. This command is needed because screen doesn’t adapt the window size automatically if the window is
displayed more than once.

flow [on|off|auto]

Sets  the flow-control mode for this window.  Without parameters it cycles the current window’s flow-control setting from “automatic” to “on” to “off”.  See
the discussion on “FLOW-CONTROL” later on in this document for full details and note, that this is subject to change in future releases.  Default is set  by
`defflow’.

focus [up|down|top|bottom]

Move  the input focus to the next region. This is done in a cyclic way so that the top region is selected after the bottom one. If no subcommand is given it
defaults to `down’. `up’ cycles in the opposite order, `top’ and `bottom’ go to the top and bottom region respectively. Useful bindings are (j and k  as  in
vi)
bind j focus down
bind k focus up
bind t focus top
bind b focus bottom
Note that k is traditionally bound to the kill command.

focusminsize [ ( width|max|_ ) ( height|max|_ ) ]

This  forces any currently selected region to be automatically resized at least a certain width and height. All other surrounding regions will be resized in
order to accommodate.  This constraint follows everytime the “focus” command is used. The “resize” command can be used to increase  either  dimension  of  a
region,  but never below what is set with “focusminsize”. The underscore `_’ is a synonym for max. Setting a width and height of `0 0′ (zero zero) will undo
any constraints and allow for manual resizing.  Without any parameters, the minimum width and height is shown.

gr [on|off]

Turn GR charset switching on/off. Whenever screen sees an input character with the 8th bit set, it will use the charset stored in the GR slot and print  the
character with the 8th bit stripped. The default (see also “defgr”) is not to process GR switching because otherwise the ISO88591 charset would not work.

group [grouptitle]

Change  or  show  the  group  the  current window belongs to. Windows can be moved around between different groups by specifying the name of the destination
group. Without specifying a group, the title of the current group is displayed.

hardcopy [-h] [file]

Writes out the currently displayed image to the file file, or, if no filename is specified, to hardcopy.n in the default directory, where n is the number of
the  current  window.   This  either  appends  or overwrites the file if it exists. See below.  If the option -h is specified, dump also the contents of the
scrollback buffer.

hardcopy_append on|off

If set to “on”, screen will append to the “hardcopy.n” files created by the command “C-a h”, otherwise these files are overwritten each  time.   Default  is
`off’.

hardcopydir directory

Defines a directory where hardcopy files will be placed. If unset, hardcopys are dumped in screen’s current working directory.

hardstatus [on|off]
hardstatus [always]lastline|message|ignore [string]
hardstatus string [string]

This  command configures the use and emulation of the terminal’s hardstatus line. The first form toggles whether screen will use the hardware status line to
display messages. If the flag is set to `off’, these messages are overlaid in reverse video mode at the display line. The default setting is `on’.

The second form tells screen what to do if the terminal doesn’t have a hardstatus line (i.e. the termcap/terminfo capabilities “hs”, “ts”, “fs” and “ds” are
not set). If the type “lastline” is used, screen will reserve the last line of the display for the hardstatus. “message” uses screen’s message mechanism and
“ignore” tells screen never to display the hardstatus.  If you prepend the word “always” to the type (e.g., “alwayslastline”), screen will use the type even
if the terminal supports a hardstatus.

The  third  form specifies the contents of the hardstatus line.  ‘%h’ is used as default string, i.e., the stored hardstatus of the current window (settable
via “ESC]0;<string>^G” or “ESC_<string>ESC\”) is displayed.  You can customize this to any string you like including the escapes from the  “STRING  ESCAPES”
chapter. If you leave out the argument string, the current string is displayed.

You can mix the second and third form by providing the string as additional argument.

height [-w|-d] [lines [cols]]

Set the display height to a specified number of lines. When no argument is given it toggles between 24 and 42 lines display. You can also specify a width if
you want to change both values.  The -w option tells screen to leave the display size unchanged and just set the window size, -d vice versa.

help [-c class]

Not really a online help, but displays a help screen showing you all the key bindings.  The first pages list all the internal  commands  followed  by  their
current  bindings.   Subsequent  pages  will display the custom commands, one command per key.  Press space when you’re done reading each page, or return to
exit early.  All other characters are ignored. If the “-c” option is given, display all bound commands for the specified command class.  See  also  “DEFAULT
KEY BINDINGS” section.

history

Usually  users  work  with  a shell that allows easy access to previous commands.  For example csh has the command “!!” to repeat the last command executed.
Screen allows you to have a primitive way of re-calling “the command that started …”: You just type the first letter of that command, then hit `C-a  {‘  and
screen tries to find a previous line that matches with the `prompt character’ to the left of the cursor. This line is pasted into this window’s input queue.
Thus you have a crude command history (made up by the visible window and its scrollback buffer).

hstatus status

Change the window’s hardstatus line to the string status.

idle [timeout [cmd args]]

Sets a command that is run after the specified number of seconds inactivity is reached. This command will normally be the  “blanker”  command  to  create  a
screen  blanker, but it can be any screen command.  If no command is specified, only the timeout is set. A timeout of zero (or the special timeout off) dis‐
ables the timer.  If no arguments are given, the current settings are displayed.

ignorecase [on|off]

Tell screen to ignore the case of characters in searches. Default is `off’. Without any options, the state of ignorecase is toggled.

info

Uses the message line to display some information about the current window: the cursor position in the form “(column,row)” starting with “(1,1)”, the termi‐
nal  width and height plus the size of the scrollback buffer in lines, like in “(80,24)+50”, the current state of window XON/XOFF flow control is shown like
this (See also section FLOW CONTROL):

+flow     automatic flow control, currently on.
-flow     automatic flow control, currently off.
+(+)flow  flow control enabled. Agrees with automatic control.
-(+)flow  flow control disabled. Disagrees with automatic control.
+(-)flow  flow control enabled. Disagrees with automatic control.
-(-)flow  flow control disabled. Agrees with automatic control.

The current line wrap setting (`+wrap’ indicates enabled, `-wrap’ not) is also shown. The flags `ins’, `org’, `app’, `log’, `mon’ or `nored’  are  displayed
when the window is in insert mode, origin mode, application-keypad mode, has output logging, activity monitoring or partial redraw enabled.

The  currently active character set (G0, G1, G2, or G3) and in square brackets the terminal character sets that are currently designated as G0 through G3 is
shown. If the window is in UTF-8 mode, the string “UTF-8” is shown instead.

Additional modes depending on the type of the window are displayed at the end of the status line (See also chapter “WINDOW TYPES”).
If the state machine of the terminal emulator is in a non-default state, the info line is started with a string identifying the current state.
For system information use the “time” command.

ins_reg [key]

No longer exists, use “paste” instead.

kill

Kill current window.
If there is an `exec’ command running then it is killed. Otherwise the process (shell) running in the window receives a HANGUP condition, the window  struc‐
ture is removed and screen (your display) switches to another window.  When the last window is destroyed, screen exits.  After a kill screen switches to the
previously displayed window.
Note: Emacs users should keep this command in mind, when killing a line.  It is recommended not to use “C-a” as the screen escape key or to rebind  kill  to
“C-a K”.

lastmsg

Redisplay the last contents of the message/status line.  Useful if you’re typing when a message appears, because  the message goes away when you press a key
(unless your terminal has a hardware status line).  Refer to the commands “msgwait” and “msgminwait” for fine tuning.

layout new [title]

Create a new layout. The screen will change to one whole region and be switched to the blank window. From here, you build the regions and the  windows  they
show  as  you  desire.  The new layout will be numbered with the smallest available integer, starting with zero. You can optionally give a title to your new
layout.  Otherwise, it will have a default title of “layout”. You can always change the title later by using the command layout title.

layout remove [n|title]

Remove, or in other words, delete the specified layout. Either the number or the title can be specified. Without either specification,  screen  will  remove
the current layout.

Removing a layout does not affect your set windows or regions.

layout next

Switch to the next layout available

layout prev

Switch to the previous layout available

layout select [n|title]

Select  the  desired  layout.  Either  the  number  or  the title can be specified. Without either specification, screen will prompt and ask which screen is
desired. To see which layouts are available, use the layout show command.

layout show

List on the message line the number(s) and title(s) of the available layout(s). The current layout is flagged.

layout title [title]

Change or display the title of the current layout. A string given will be used to name the layout. Without any options, the current title and number is dis‐
played on the message line.

layout number [n]

Change or display the number of the current layout. An integer given will be used to number the layout. Without any options, the current number and title is
displayed on the message line.

layout attach [title|:last]

Change or display which layout to reattach back to. The default is :last, which tells screen to reattach back to the last used layout  just  before  detach‐
ment.  By supplying a title, You can instruct screen to reattach to a particular layout regardless which one was used at the time of detachment. Without any
options, the layout to reattach to will be shown in the message line.

layout save [n|title]

Remember the current arrangement of regions. When used, screen will remember the arrangement of vertically and horizontally split regions. This  arrangement
is  restored  when  a  screen  session  is  reattached  or switched back from a different layout. If the session ends or the screen process dies, the layout
arrangements are lost. The layout dump command should help in this siutation. If a number or title is supplied, screen will remember the arrangement of that
particular layout. Without any options, screen will remember the current layout.

Saving your regions can be done automatically by using the layout autosave command.

layout autosave [on|off]

Change  or  display  the  status  of  automatcally  saving layouts. The default is on, meaning when screen is detached or changed to a different layout, the
arrangement of regions and windows will be remembered at the time of change and restored upon return.  If autosave is set to off, that arrangement will only
be  restored to either to the last manual save, using layout save, or to when the layout was first created, to a single region with a single window. Without
either an on or off, the current status is displayed on the message line.

layout dump [filename]

Write to a file the order of splits made in the current layout. This is useful to recreate the order of your regions used in your current layout.  Only  the
current  layout  is recorded. While the order of the regions are recorded, the sizes of those regions and which windows correspond to which regions are not.
If no filename is specified, the default is layout-dump, saved in the directory that the screen process was started in. If the file already  exists,  layout
dump will append to that file. As an example:

C-a : layout dump /home/user/.screenrc

will save or append the layout to the user’s .screenrc file.

license

Display the disclaimer page. This is done whenever screen is started without options, which should be often enough. See also the “startup_message” command.

lockscreen

Lock  this  display.   Call a screenlock program (/local/bin/lck or /usr/bin/lock or a builtin if no other is available). Screen does not accept any command
keys until this program terminates. Meanwhile processes in the windows may continue, as the windows are in the `detached’ state. The screenlock program  may
be  changed  through the environment variable $LOCKPRG (which must be set in the shell from which screen is started) and is executed with the user’s uid and
gid.
Warning: When you leave other shells unlocked and you have no password set on screen, the lock is void: One could easily re-attach from an  unlocked  shell.
This feature should rather be called `lockterminal’.

log [on|off]

Start/stop writing output of the current window to a file “screenlog.n” in the window’s default directory, where n is the number of the current window. This
filename can be changed with the `logfile’ command. If no parameter is given, the state of logging is toggled. The session log is appended to  the  previous
contents  of the file if it already exists. The current contents and the contents of the scrollback history are not included in the session log.  Default is
`off’.

logfile filename
logfile flush secs

Defines the name the log files will get. The default is “screenlog.%n”. The second form changes the number of seconds screen will wait before  flushing  the
logfile buffer to the file-system. The default value is 10 seconds.

login [on|off]

Adds  or  removes  the entry in the utmp database file for the current window.  This controls if the window is `logged in’.  When no parameter is given, the
login state of the window is toggled.  Additionally to that toggle, it is convenient having a `log in’ and a `log out’ key. E.g. `bind I login on’ and `bind
O  login  off’  will map these keys to be C-a I and C-a O.  The default setting (in config.h.in) should be “on” for a screen that runs under suid-root.  Use
the “deflogin” command to change the default login state for new windows. Both commands are only present when screen has been compiled with utmp support.

logtstamp [on|off]
logtstamp after [secs]
logtstamp string [string]

This command controls logfile time-stamp mechanism of screen.  If time-stamps are turned “on”, screen adds a string containing the current time to the  log‐
file  after  two  minutes  of inactivity.  When output continues and more than another two minutes have passed, a second time-stamp is added to document the
restart of the output. You can change this timeout with the second form of the command. The third form is used for customizing the  time-stamp  string  (`–
%n:%t — time-stamp — %M/%d/%y %c:%s –\n’ by default).

mapdefault

Tell screen that the next input character should only be looked up in the default bindkey table. See also “bindkey”.

mapnotnext

Like mapdefault, but don’t even look in the default bindkey table.

maptimeout [timeout]

Set  the inter-character timer for input sequence detection to a timeout of timeout ms. The default timeout is 300ms. Maptimeout with no arguments shows the
current setting.  See also “bindkey”.

markkeys string

This is a method of changing the keymap used for copy/history mode.  The string is made up of oldchar=newchar pairs which are separated by `:’. Example: The
string  “B=^B:F=^F” will change the keys `C-b’ and `C-f’ to the vi style binding (scroll up/down fill page).  This happens to be the default binding for `B’
and `F’.  The command “markkeys h=^B:l=^F:$=^E” would set the mode for an emacs-style binding.  If your terminal sends characters, that cause you  to  abort
copy  mode, then this command may help by binding these characters to do nothing.  The no-op character is `@’ and is used like this: “markkeys @=L=H” if you
do not want to use the `H’ or `L’ commands any longer.  As shown in this example, multiple keys can be assigned to one function in a single statement.

maxwin num

Set the maximum window number screen will create. Doesn’t affect already existing windows. The number can be increased only when there are no existing  win‐
dows.

meta

Insert the command character (C-a) in the current window’s input stream.

monitor [on|off]

Toggles  activity monitoring of windows.  When monitoring is turned on and an affected window is switched into the background, you will receive the activity
notification message in the status line at the first sign of output and the window will also be marked with an `@’ in the window-status display.  Monitoring
is initially off for all windows.

mousetrack [on|off]

This  command  determines  whether  screen  will  watch  for mouse clicks. When this command is enabled, regions that have been split in various ways can be
selected by pointing to them with a mouse and left-clicking them. Without specifying on or off, the current state is displayed. The default state is  deter‐
mined by the “defmousetrack” command.

msgminwait sec

Defines the time screen delays a new message when one message is currently displayed.  The default is 1 second.

msgwait sec

Defines the time a message is displayed if screen is not disturbed by other activity. The default is 5 seconds.

multiuser on|off

Switch  between  singleuser  and  multiuser  mode.  Standard screen operation is singleuser. In multiuser mode the commands `acladd’, `aclchg’, `aclgrp’ and
`acldel’ can be used to enable (and disable) other users accessing this screen session.

nethack on|off

Changes the kind of error messages used by screen.  When you are familiar with the game “nethack”, you may enjoy the nethack-style messages which will often
blur the facts a little, but are much funnier to read. Anyway, standard messages often tend to be unclear as well.
This  option  is only available if screen was compiled with the NETHACK flag defined. The default setting is then determined by the presence of the environ‐
ment variable $NETHACKOPTIONS and the file ~/.nethackrc – if either one is present, the default is on.

next

Switch to the next window.  This command can be used repeatedly to cycle through the list of windows.

nonblock [on|off|numsecs]

Tell screen how to deal with user interfaces (displays) that cease to accept output. This can happen if a user presses ^S or a TCP/modem connection gets cut
but  no hangup is received. If nonblock is off (this is the default) screen waits until the display restarts to accept the output. If nonblock is on, screen
waits until the timeout is reached (on is treated as 1s). If the display still doesn’t receive characters, screen will consider it “blocked” and stop  send‐
ing characters to it. If at some time it restarts to accept characters, screen will unblock the display and redisplay the updated window contents.

number [[+|-]n]

Change  the  current window’s number. If the given number n is already used by another window, both windows exchange their numbers. If no argument is speci‐
fied, the current window number (and title) is shown. Using `+’ or `-‘ will change the window’s number by the relative amount specified.

obuflimit [limit]

If the output buffer contains more bytes than the specified limit, no more data will be read from the windows. The default value is 256. If you have a  fast
display (like xterm), you can set it to some higher value. If no argument is specified, the current setting is displayed.

only

Kill all regions but the current one.

other

Switch to the window displayed previously. If this window does no longer exist, other has the same effect as next.

partial on|off

Defines whether the display should be refreshed (as with redisplay) after switching to the current window. This command only affects the current window.  To
immediately affect all windows use the allpartial command.  Default is `off’, of course.  This default is fixed, as there is currently  no  defpartial  com‐
mand.

password [crypted_pw]
Present  a  crypted password in your “.screenrc” file and screen will ask for it, whenever someone attempts to resume a detached. This is useful if you have
privileged programs running under screen and you want to protect your session from reattach attempts by another user masquerading  as  your  uid  (i.e.  any
superuser.)   If  no  crypted  password  is specified, screen prompts twice for typing a password and places its encryption in the paste buffer.  Default is
`none’, this disables password checking.

paste [registers [dest_reg]]

Write the (concatenated) contents of the specified registers to the stdin queue of the current window. The register ‘.’ is treated as the paste  buffer.  If
no  parameter  is  given  the  user is prompted for a single register to paste.  The paste buffer can be filled with the copy, history and readbuf commands.
Other registers can be filled with the register, readreg and paste commands.  If paste is called with a second argument, the contents of the specified  reg‐
isters  is pasted into the named destination register rather than the window. If ‘.’ is used as the second argument, the displays paste buffer is the desti‐
nation.  Note, that “paste” uses a wide variety of resources: Whenever a second argument is specified no current window is needed. When the source  specifi‐
cation  only contains registers (not the paste buffer) then there need not be a current display (terminal attached), as the registers are a global resource.
The paste buffer exists once for every user.

pastefont [on|off]

Tell screen to include font information in the paste buffer. The default is not to do so. This command is especially useful for multi character  fonts  like
kanji.

pow_break

Reopen the window’s terminal line and send a break condition. See `break’.

pow_detach

Power  detach.   Mainly  the  same  as  detach, but also sends a HANGUP signal to the parent process of screen.  CAUTION: This will result in a logout, when
screen was started from your login-shell.

pow_detach_msg [message]

The message specified here is output whenever a `Power detach’ was performed. It may be used as a replacement for a logout message or to  reset  baud  rate,
etc.  Without parameter, the current message is shown.

prev

Switch to the window with the next lower number.  This command can be used repeatedly to cycle through the list of windows.

printcmd [cmd]

If  cmd  is  not  an empty string, screen will not use the terminal capabilities “po/pf” if it detects an ansi print sequence ESC [ 5 i, but pipe the output
into cmd.  This should normally be a command like “lpr” or “‘cat > /tmp/scrprint'”.  printcmd without a command displays  the  current  setting.   The  ansi
sequence ESC \ ends printing and closes the pipe.
Warning: Be careful with this command! If other user have write access to your terminal, they will be able to fire off print commands.

process [key]

Stuff  the contents of the specified register into screen’s input queue. If no argument is given you are prompted for a register name. The text is parsed as
if it had been typed in from the user’s keyboard. This command can be used to bind multiple actions to a single key.

quit

Kill all windows and terminate screen.  Note that on VT100-style terminals the keys C-4 and C-\ are identical.  This makes the default  bindings  dangerous:
Be careful not to type C-a C-4 when selecting window no. 4.  Use the empty bind command (as in “bind ‘^\'”) to remove a key binding.

readbuf [-e encoding] [filename]

Reads  the  contents of the specified file into the paste buffer.  You can tell screen the encoding of the file via the -e option.  If no file is specified,
the screen-exchange filename is used.  See also “bufferfile” command.

readreg [-e encoding] [register [filename]]

Does one of two things, dependent on number of arguments: with zero or one arguments it it duplicates the paste buffer contents into the register  specified
or  entered at the prompt. With two arguments it reads the contents of the named file into the register, just as readbuf reads the screen-exchange file into
the paste buffer.  You can tell screen the encoding of the file via the -e option.  The following example will paste the system’s  password  file  into  the
screen window (using register p, where a copy remains):

C-a : readreg p /etc/passwd
C-a : paste p
redisplay

Redisplay the current window. Needed to get a full redisplay when in partial redraw mode.

register [-e encoding] key string

Save the specified string to the register key.  The encoding of the string can be specified via the -e option.  See also the “paste” command.

remove

Kill the current region. This is a no-op if there is only one region.

removebuf

Unlinks the screen-exchange file used by the commands “writebuf” and “readbuf”.

rendition bell | monitor | silence | so attr [color]

Change  the  way  screen  renders the titles of windows that have monitor or bell flags set in caption or hardstatus or windowlist. See the “STRING ESCAPES”
chapter for the syntax of the modifiers.  The default for monitor is currently “=b ” (bold, active colors), for bell “=ub ” (underline, bold and active col‐
ors), and “=u ” for silence.

reset

Reset  the  virtual  terminal  to  its “power-on” values. Useful when strange settings (like scroll regions or graphics character set) are left over from an
application.

resize

Resize the current region. The space will be removed from or added to the region below or if there’s not enough space from the region above.

resize +N   increase current region height by N

resize -N   decrease current region height by N

resize  N   set current region height to N

resize  =   make all windows equally high

resize  max maximize current region height

resize  min minimize current region height

screen [-opts] [n] [cmd [args]|//group]

Establish a new window.  The flow-control options (-f, -fn and -fa), title (a.k.a.) option (-t), login options (-l and  -ln)  ,  terminal  type  option  (-T
<term>),  the  all-capability-flag  (-a)  and scrollback option (-h <num>) may be specified with each command.  The option (-M) turns monitoring on for this
window.  The option (-L) turns output logging on for this window.  If an optional number n in the range  0..MAXWIN-1  is  given,  the  window  number  n  is
assigned to the newly created window (or, if this number is already in-use, the next available number).  If a command is specified after “screen”, this com‐
mand (with the given arguments) is started in the window; otherwise, a shell is created.  If //group is supplied, a  container-type  window  is  created  in
which other windows may be created inside it.

Thus, if your “.screenrc” contains the lines

# example for .screenrc:
screen 1
screen -fn -t foobar -L 2 telnet foobar

screen  creates  a shell window (in window #1) and a window with a TELNET connection to the machine foobar (with no flow-control using the title “foobar” in
window #2) and will write a logfile (“screenlog.2”) of the telnet session.  Note, that unlike previous versions of screen no additional  default  window  is
created  when “screen” commands are included in your “.screenrc” file. When the initialization is completed, screen switches to the last window specified in
your .screenrc file or, if none, opens a default window #0.
Screen has built in some functionality of “cu” and “telnet”.  See also chapter “WINDOW TYPES”.

scrollback num
Set the size of the scrollback buffer for the current windows to num lines. The default scrollback is 100 lines.  See also the “defscrollback”  command  and
use “info” to view the current setting. To access and use the contents in the scrollback buffer, use the “copy” command.

select [WindowID]

Switch  to  the  window  identified  by  WindowID.   This can be a prefix of a window title (alphanumeric window name) or a window number.  The parameter is
optional and if omitted, you get prompted for an identifier.  When a new window is established, the first available  number  is  assigned  to  this  window.
Thus,  the  first  window  can  be  activated  by “select 0”.  The number of windows is limited at compile-time by the MAXWIN configuration parameter (which
defaults to 40).  There are two special WindowIDs, “-” selects the internal blank window and “.” selects the current window. The latter is  useful  if  used
with screen’s “-X” option.

sessionname [name]

Rename  the  current  session. Note, that for “screen -list” the name shows up with the process-id prepended. If the argument “name” is omitted, the name of
this session is displayed. Caution: The $STY environment variables will still reflect the old name in pre-existing shells. This may result in confusion. Use
of  this  command is generally discouraged. Use the “-S” command-line option if you want to name a new session.  The default is constructed from the tty and
host names.

setenv [var [string]]

Set the environment variable var to value string.  If only var is specified, the user will be prompted to enter a value.  If no  parameters  are  specified,
the user will be prompted for both variable and value. The environment is inherited by all subsequently forked shells.

setsid [on|off]

Normally screen uses different sessions and process groups for the windows. If setsid is turned off, this is not done anymore and all windows will be in the
same process group as the screen backend process. This also breaks job-control, so be careful.  The default is on, of course. This command is probably  use‐
ful only in rare circumstances.

shell command

Set  the command to be used to create a new shell.  This overrides the value of the environment variable $SHELL.  This is useful if you’d like to run a tty-
enhancer which is expecting to execute the program specified in $SHELL.  If the command begins with a ‘-‘ character, the shell will be started as  a  login-
shell.  Typical  shells  do  only  minimal initialization when not started as a login-shell.  E.g. Bash will not read your “~/.bashrc” unless it is a login-
shell.

shelltitle title

Set the title for all shells created during startup or by the C-A C-c command.  For details about what a title is, see the discussion entitled “TITLES (nam‐
ing windows)”.

silence [on|off|sec]

Toggles silence monitoring of windows.  When silence is turned on and an affected window is switched into the background, you will receive the silence noti‐
fication message in the status line after a specified period of inactivity (silence). The default timeout can be changed with the `silencewait’  command  or
by specifying a number of seconds instead of `on’ or `off’.  Silence is initially off for all windows.

silencewait sec

Define the time that all windows monitored for silence should wait before displaying a message. Default 30 seconds.

sleep num

This  command will pause the execution of a .screenrc file for num seconds.  Keyboard activity will end the sleep.  It may be used to give users a chance to
read the messages output by “echo”.

slowpaste msec

Define the speed at which text is inserted into the current window by the paste (“C-a ]”) command.  If the slowpaste value is nonzero text is written  char‐
acter by character.  screen will make a pause of msec milliseconds after each single character write to allow the application to process its input. Only use
slowpaste if your underlying system exposes flow control problems while pasting large amounts of text.

source file

Read and execute commands from file file. Source commands may be nested to a maximum recursion level of ten. If file is not an absolute path and  screen  is
already processing a source command, the parent directory of the running source command file is used to search for the new command file before screen’s cur‐
rent directory.

Note that termcap/terminfo/termcapinfo commands only work at startup and reattach time, so they must be reached via the default screenrc files  to  have  an
effect.

sorendition [attr [color]]

This command is deprecated. See “rendition so” instead.

split [-v]

Split the current region into two new ones. All regions on the display are resized to make room for the new region. The blank window is displayed on the new
region. Splits are made horizontally unless -v is used. Use the “remove” or the “only” command to delete regions. Use “focus” to toggle between regions.

startup_message on|off

Select whether you want to see the copyright notice during startup.  Default is `on’, as you probably noticed.

stuff [string]

Stuff the string string in the input buffer of the current window.  This is like the “paste” command but with much  less  overhead.   Without  a  parameter,
screen will prompt for a string to stuff.  You cannot paste large buffers with the “stuff” command. It is most useful for key bindings. See also “bindkey”.

su [username [password [password2]]]

Substitute  the user of a display. The command prompts for all parameters that are omitted. If passwords are specified as parameters, they have to be speci‐
fied un-crypted. The first password is matched against the systems passwd database, the second password is matched against the screen password as  set  with
the commands “acladd” or “password”.  “Su” may be useful for the screen administrator to test multiuser setups.  When the identification fails, the user has
access to the commands available for user nobody.  These are “detach”, “license”, “version”, “help” and “displays”.

suspend

Suspend screen.  The windows are in the `detached’ state, while screen is suspended. This feature relies on the shell being able to do job control.

term term

In each window’s environment screen opens, the $TERM variable is set to “screen” by default.  But when no description for “screen” is installed in the local
termcap or terminfo data base, you set $TERM to – say – “vt100”. This won’t do much harm, as screen is VT100/ANSI compatible.  The use of the “term” command
is discouraged for non-default purpose.  That is, one may want to specify special $TERM settings (e.g. vt100) for the next “screen rlogin othermachine” com‐
mand. Use the command “screen -T vt100 rlogin othermachine” rather than setting and resetting the default.

termcap term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]
terminfo term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]
termcapinfo term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]

Use  this  command to modify your terminal’s termcap entry without going through all the hassles involved in creating a custom termcap entry.  Plus, you can
optionally customize the termcap generated for the windows.  You have to place these commands in one of the screenrc startup files, as they are  meaningless
once the terminal emulator is booted.
If your system works uses the terminfo database rather than termcap, screen will understand the `terminfo’ command, which has the same effects as the `term‐
cap’ command.  Two separate commands are provided, as there are subtle syntactic differences, e.g. when parameter interpolation  (using  `%’)  is  required.
Note that termcap names of the capabilities have to be used with the `terminfo’ command.
In  many  cases,  where  the arguments are valid in both terminfo and termcap syntax, you can use the command `termcapinfo’, which is just a shorthand for a
pair of `termcap’ and `terminfo’ commands with identical arguments.

The first argument specifies which terminal(s) should be affected by this definition.  You can specify multiple terminal names by separating them with `|’s.
Use `*’ to match all terminals and `vt*’ to match all terminals that begin with “vt”.

Each  tweak  argument contains one or more termcap defines (separated by `:’s) to be inserted at the start of the appropriate termcap entry, enhancing it or
overriding existing values.  The first tweak modifies your terminal’s termcap, and contains definitions that your terminal uses  to  perform  certain  func‐
tions.   Specify  a null string to leave this unchanged (e.g. ”).  The second (optional) tweak modifies all the window termcaps, and should contain defini‐
tions that screen understands (see the “VIRTUAL TERMINAL” section).

Some examples:

termcap xterm*  LP:hs@

Informs screen that all terminals that begin with `xterm’ have firm auto-margins that allow the last position on the screen to be  updated  (LP),  but  they
don’t  really have a status line (no ‘hs’ – append `@’ to turn entries off).  Note that we assume `LP’ for all terminal names that start with “vt”, but only
if you don’t specify a termcap command for that terminal.

termcap vt*  LP
termcap vt102|vt220  Z0=\E[?3h:Z1=\E[?3l

Specifies the firm-margined `LP’ capability for all terminals that begin with `vt’, and the second line will also add the escape-sequences  to  switch  into
(Z0)  and  back  out of (Z1) 132-character-per-line mode if this is a VT102 or VT220.  (You must specify Z0 and Z1 in your termcap to use the width-changing
commands.)

termcap vt100  “”  l0=PF1:l1=PF2:l2=PF3:l3=PF4

This leaves your vt100 termcap alone and adds the function key labels to each window’s termcap entry.

termcap h19|z19  am@:im=\E@:ei=\EO  dc=\E[P

Takes a h19 or z19 termcap and turns off auto-margins (am@) and enables the insert mode (im) and end-insert (ei) capabilities (the `@’ in the `im’ string is
after  the  `=’,  so  it  is  part of the string).  Having the `im’ and `ei’ definitions put into your terminal’s termcap will cause screen to automatically
advertise the character-insert capability in each window’s termcap.  Each window will also get the delete-character capability (dc) added  to  its  termcap,
which screen will translate into a line-update for the terminal (we’re pretending it doesn’t support character deletion).

If  you would like to fully specify each window’s termcap entry, you should instead set the $SCREENCAP variable prior to running screen.  See the discussion
on the “VIRTUAL TERMINAL” in this manual, and the termcap(5) man page for more information on termcap definitions.

time [string]

Uses the message line to display the time of day, the host name, and the load averages over 1, 5, and 15 minutes (if this is available on your system).  For
window specific information, use “info”.

If  a string is specified, it changes the format of the time report like it is described in the “STRING ESCAPES” chapter. Screen uses a default of “%c:%s %M
%d %H%? %l%?”.

title [windowtitle]

Set the name of the current window to windowtitle. If no name is specified, screen prompts for one. This command was known as `aka’ in previous releases.

unbindall

Unbind all the bindings. This can be useful when screen is used solely for its detaching abilities, such as when letting a console application run as a dae‐
mon. If, for some reason, it is necessary to bind commands after this, use ‘screen -X’.

unsetenv var

Unset an environment variable.

utf8 [on|off [on|off]]

Change the encoding used in the current window. If utf8 is enabled, the strings sent to the window will be UTF-8 encoded and vice versa. Omitting the param‐
eter toggles the setting. If a second parameter is given, the display’s encoding is also changed (this should rather be done  with  screen’s  “-U”  option).
See also “defutf8”, which changes the default setting of a new window.

vbell [on|off]

Sets the visual bell setting for this window. Omitting the parameter toggles the setting. If vbell is switched on, but your terminal does not support a vis‐
ual bell, a `vbell-message’ is displayed in the status line when the bell character (^G) is received.  Visual bell support of a terminal is defined  by  the
termcap variable `vb’ (terminfo: ‘flash’).
Per default, vbell is off, thus the audible bell is used.  See also `bell_msg’.

vbell_msg [message]

Sets  the  visual  bell  message. message is printed to the status line if the window receives a bell character (^G), vbell is set to “on”, but the terminal
does not support a visual bell.  The default message is “Wuff, Wuff!!”.  Without a parameter, the current message is shown.

vbellwait sec

Define a delay in seconds after each display of screen’s visual bell message. The default is 1 second.

verbose [on|off]
If verbose is switched on, the command name is echoed, whenever a window is created (or resurrected from zombie state). Default is off.  Without  a  parame‐
ter, the current setting is shown.

version

Print the current version and the compile date in the status line.

wall message

Write a message to all displays. The message will appear in the terminal’s status line.

width [-w|-d] [cols [lines]]

Toggle  the window width between 80 and 132 columns or set it to cols columns if an argument is specified.  This requires a capable terminal and the termcap
entries “Z0” and “Z1”.  See the “termcap” command for more information. You can also specify a new height if you want to change both values.  The -w  option
tells screen to leave the display size unchanged and just set the window size, -d vice versa.

windowlist [-b] [-m] [-g]
windowlist string [string]
windowlist title [title]

Display all windows in a table for visual window selection.  If screen was in a window group, screen will back out of the group and then display the windows
in that group.  If the -b option is given, screen will switch to the blank window before presenting the list, so that the current window is also selectable.
The  -m  option changes the order of the windows, instead of sorting by window numbers screen uses its internal most-recently-used list.  The -g option will
show the windows inside any groups in that level and downwards.

The following keys are used to navigate in “windowlist”:
k, C-p, or up Move up one line.
j, C-n, or down Move down one line.
C-g or escape Exit windowlist.
C-a or home Move to the first line.
C-e or end Move to the last line.
C-u or C-d Move one half page up or down.
C-b or C-f Move one full page up or down.
0..9 Using the number keys, move to the selected line.
mouseclick Move to the selected line. Available when “mousetrack” is set to “on”
/ Search.
n Repeat search in the forward direction.
N Repeat search in the backward direction.
m Toggle MRU.
g Toggle group nesting.
a All window view.
C-h or backspace Back out the group.
, Switch numbers with the previous window.
. Switch numbers with the next window.
K Kill that window.
space or enter Select that window.

The table format can be changed with the string and title option, the title is displayed as table heading, while the lines are made by using the string set‐
ting.  The  default  setting is “Num Name%=Flags” for the title and “%3n %t%=%f” for the lines.  See the “STRING ESCAPES” chapter for more codes (e.g. color
settings).

“Windowlist” needs a region size of at least 10 characters wide and 6 characters high in order to display.

windows

Uses the message line to display a list of all the windows.  Each window is listed by number with the name of process that has been started  in  the  window
(or  its  title);  the current window is marked with a `*’; the previous window is marked with a `-‘; all the windows that are “logged in” are marked with a
`$’; a background window that has received a bell is marked with a `!’; a background window that is being monitored and has had  activity  occur  is  marked
with  an  `@’;  a window which has output logging turned on is marked with `(L)’; windows occupied by other users are marked with `&’; windows in the zombie
state are marked with `Z’.  If this list is too long to fit on the terminal’s status line only the portion around the current window is displayed.

wrap [on|off]

Sets the line-wrap setting for the current window.  When line-wrap is on, the second consecutive printable character output at the last  column  of  a  line
will  wrap to the start of the following line.  As an added feature, backspace (^H) will also wrap through the left margin to the previous line.  Default is
`on’. Without any options, the state of wrap is toggled.

writebuf [-e encoding] [filename]
Writes the contents of the paste buffer to the specified file, or the public accessible screen-exchange file if no filename is given. This is thought of  as
a  primitive  means  of communication between screen users on the same host. If an encoding is specified the paste buffer is recoded on the fly to match the
encoding.  The filename can be set with the bufferfile command and defaults to “/tmp/screen-exchange”.

writelock [on|off|auto]

In addition to access control lists, not all users may be able to write to the same window at once. Per default, writelock is  in  `auto’  mode  and  grants
exclusive  input permission to the user who is the first to switch to the particular window. When he leaves the window, other users may obtain the writelock
(automatically). The writelock of the current window is disabled by the command “writelock off”. If the user issues the command “writelock on” he keeps  the
exclusive write permission while switching to other windows.

xoff
xon

Insert a CTRL-s / CTRL-q character to the stdin queue of the current window.

zmodem [off|auto|catch|pass]
zmodem sendcmd [string]
zmodem recvcmd [string]

Define  zmodem  support  for  screen.  Screen  understands  two different modes when it detects a zmodem request: “pass” and “catch”.  If the mode is set to
“pass”, screen will relay all data to the attacher until the end of the transmission is reached.  In “catch” mode screen  acts  as  a  zmodem  endpoint  and
starts  the  corresponding  rz/sz  commands. If the mode is set to “auto”, screen will use “catch” if the window is a tty (e.g. a serial line), otherwise it
will use “pass”.
You can define the templates screen uses in “catch” mode via the second and the third form.
Note also that this is an experimental feature.

zombie [keys[onerror]]
defzombie [keys]

Per default screen windows are removed from the window list as soon as the windows process (e.g. shell) exits. When a string of two keys is specified to the
zombie command, `dead’ windows will remain in the list.  The kill command may be used to remove such a window. Pressing the first key in the dead window has
the same effect. When pressing the second key, screen will attempt to resurrect the window. The process that was initially running in  the  window  will  be
launched again. Calling zombie without parameters will clear the zombie setting, thus making windows disappear when their process exits.

As the zombie-setting is manipulated globally for all windows, this command should only be called defzombie. Until we need this as a per window setting, the
commands zombie and defzombie are synonymous.

Optionally you can put the word “onerror” after the keys. This will cause screen to monitor exit status of the process running in the window.  If  it  exits
normally (‘0’), the window disappears. Any other exit value causes the window to become a zombie.

THE MESSAGE LINE
Screen  displays  informational  messages and other diagnostics in a message line.  While this line is distributed to appear at the bottom of the screen, it
can be defined to appear at the top of the screen during compilation.  If your terminal has a status line defined in its termcap, screen will use  this  for
displaying its messages, otherwise a line of the current screen will be temporarily overwritten and output will be momentarily interrupted. The message line
is automatically removed after a few seconds delay, but it can also be removed early (on terminals without a status line) by beginning to type.

The message line facility can be used by an application running in the current window by means of the ANSI Privacy message control sequence.  For  instance,
from within the shell, try something like:

echo ‘<esc>^Hello world from window ‘$WINDOW'<esc>\\’

where ‘<esc>’ is an escape, ‘^’ is a literal up-arrow, and ‘\\’ turns into a single backslash.

WINDOW TYPES
Screen  provides  three  different  window  types. New windows are created with screen’s screen command (see also the entry in chapter “CUSTOMIZATION”). The
first parameter to the screen command defines which type of window is created. The different window types are all special cases of  the  normal  type.  They
have been added in order to allow screen to be used efficiently as a console multiplexer with 100 or more windows.

·  The  normal  window  contains  a shell (default, if no parameter is given) or any other system command that could be executed from a shell (e.g.  slogin,
etc…)

·  If a tty (character special device) name (e.g. “/dev/ttya”) is specified as the first parameter, then the window is directly connected  to  this  device.
This  window  type  is  similar to “screen cu -l /dev/ttya”.  Read and write access is required on the device node, an exclusive open is attempted on the
node to mark the connection line as busy.  An optional parameter is allowed consisting of a comma separated  list  of  flags  in  the  notation  used  by
stty(1):
<baud_rate>
Usually 300, 1200, 9600 or 19200. This affects transmission as well as receive speed.

cs8 or cs7
Specify the transmission of eight (or seven) bits per byte.

ixon or -ixon
Enables (or disables) software flow-control (CTRL-S/CTRL-Q) for sending data.

ixoff or -ixoff
Enables (or disables) software flow-control for receiving data.

istrip or -istrip
Clear (or keep) the eight bit in each received byte.

You may want to specify as many of these options as applicable. Unspecified options cause the terminal driver to make up the parameter values of the con‐
nection.  These values are system dependent and may be in defaults or values saved from a previous connection.

For tty windows, the info command shows some of the modem control lines in the status line. These may include `RTS’, `CTS’, ‘DTR’, `DSR’, `CD’ and  more.
This  depends on the available ioctl()’s and system header files as well as the on the physical capabilities of the serial board.  Signals that are logi‐
cal low (inactive) have their name preceded by an exclamation mark (!), otherwise the signal is logical high (active).   Signals  not  supported  by  the
hardware but available to the ioctl() interface are usually shown low.

When  the CLOCAL status bit is true, the whole set of modem signals is placed inside curly braces ({ and }).  When the CRTSCTS or TIOCSOFTCAR bit is set,
the signals `CTS’ or `CD’ are shown in parenthesis, respectively.

For tty windows, the command break causes the Data transmission line (TxD) to go low for a specified period of time. This is expected to  be  interpreted
as break signal on the other side.  No data is sent and no modem control line is changed when a break is issued.

·  If  the  first parameter is “//telnet”, the second parameter is expected to be a host name, and an optional third parameter may specify a TCP port number
(default decimal 23).  Screen will connect to a server listening on the remote host and use the telnet protocol to communicate with that server.
For telnet windows, the command info shows details about the connection in square brackets ([ and ]) at the end of the status line.

b      BINARY. The connection is in binary mode.

e      ECHO. Local echo is disabled.

c      SGA. The connection is in `character mode’ (default: `line mode’).

t      TTYPE. The terminal type has been requested by the remote host.  Screen sends the name “screen” unless instructed otherwise (see also the  command
`term’).

w      NAWS. The remote site is notified about window size changes.

f      LFLOW. The remote host will send flow control information.  (Ignored at the moment.)

Additional flags for debugging are x, t and n (XDISPLOC, TSPEED and NEWENV).

For telnet windows, the command break sends the telnet code IAC BREAK (decimal 243) to the remote host.

This window type is only available if screen was compiled with the BUILTIN_TELNET option defined.

STRING ESCAPES
Screen provides an escape mechanism to insert information like the current time into messages or file names. The escape character is ‘%’ with one exception:
inside of a window’s hardstatus ‘^%’ (‘^E’) is used instead.

Here is the full list of supported escapes:

%      the escape character itself

a      either ‘am’ or ‘pm’

A      either ‘AM’ or ‘PM’

c      current time HH:MM in 24h format

C      current time HH:MM in 12h format

d      day number

D      weekday name

E      sets %? to true if the escape character has been pressed.

f      flags of the window, see “windows” for meanings of the various flags

F      sets %? to true if the window has the focus

h      hardstatus of the window

H      hostname of the system

l      current load of the system

m      month number

M      month name

n      window number

P      sets %? to true if the current region is in copy/paste mode

S      session name

s      seconds

t      window title

u      all other users on this window

w      all window numbers and names. With ‘-‘ qualifier: up to the current window; with ‘+’ qualifier: starting with the window after the current one.

W      all window numbers and names except the current one

y      last two digits of the year number

Y      full year number

?      the part to the next ‘%?’ is displayed only if a ‘%’ escape inside the part expands to a non-empty string

:      else part of ‘%?’

=      pad the string to the display’s width (like TeX’s hfill). If a number is specified, pad to the percentage of the window’s  width.   A  ‘0’  qualifier
tells  screen  to treat the number as absolute position.  You can specify to pad relative to the last absolute pad position by adding a ‘+’ qualifier
or to pad relative to the right margin by using ‘-‘. The padding truncates the string if the specified position lies before the current position. Add
the ‘L’ qualifier to change this.

<      same as ‘%=’ but just do truncation, do not fill with spaces

>      mark  the current text position for the next truncation. When screen needs to do truncation, it tries to do it in a way that the marked position gets
moved to the specified percentage of the output area. (The area starts from the last absolute pad position and ends with the  position  specified  by
the truncation operator.) The ‘L’ qualifier tells screen to mark the truncated parts with ‘…’.

{      attribute/color modifier string terminated by the next “}”

`      Substitute with the output of a ‘backtick’ command. The length qualifier is misused to identify one of the commands.

The  ‘c’  and ‘C’ escape may be qualified with a ‘0’ to make screen use zero instead of space as fill character. The ‘0’ qualifier also makes the ‘=’ escape
use absolute positions. The ‘n’ and ‘=’ escapes understand a length qualifier (e.g. ‘%3n’), ‘D’ and ‘M’ can be prefixed with ‘L’ to generate long names, ‘w’
and ‘W’ also show the window flags if ‘L’ is given.

An  attribute/color  modifier  is  is  used  to  change  the attributes or the color settings. Its format is “[attribute modifier] [color description]”. The
attribute modifier must be prefixed by a change type indicator if it can be confused with a color description. The following change types are known:

+      add the specified set to the current attributes

–      remove the set from the current attributes

!      invert the set in the current attributes

=      change the current attributes to the specified set

The attribute set can either be specified as a hexadecimal number or a combination of the following letters:

d      dim
u      underline
b      bold
r      reverse
s      standout
B      blinking

Colors are coded either as a hexadecimal number or two letters specifying the desired background and foreground color (in that order). The following  colors
are known:

k      black
r      red
g      green
y      yellow
b      blue
m      magenta
c      cyan
w      white
d      default color
.      leave color unchanged

The  capitalized  versions  of  the  letter  specify  bright  colors.  You  can also use the pseudo-color ‘i’ to set just the brightness and leave the color
unchanged.
A one digit/letter color description is treated as foreground or background color dependent on the current attributes: if reverse mode  is  set,  the  back‐
ground  color is changed instead of the foreground color.  If you don’t like this, prefix the color with a “.”. If you want the same behavior for two-letter
color descriptions, also prefix them with a “.”.
As a special case, “%{-}” restores the attributes and colors that were set before the last change was made (i.e., pops one level of the color-change stack).

Examples:

“G”    set color to bright green

“+b r” use bold red

“= yd” clear all attributes, write in default color on yellow background.

%-Lw%{= BW}%50>%n%f* %t%{-}%+Lw%<
The available windows centered at the current window and truncated to the available width. The current window is displayed white on blue.   This  can
be used with “hardstatus alwayslastline”.

%?%F%{.R.}%?%3n %t%? [%h]%?
The  window  number and title and the window’s hardstatus, if one is set.  Also use a red background if this is the active focus. Useful for “caption
string”.
FLOW-CONTROL
Each window has a flow-control setting that determines how screen deals with the XON and XOFF characters (and perhaps the interrupt character).  When  flow-
control  is  turned off, screen ignores the XON and XOFF characters, which allows the user to send them to the current program by simply typing them (useful
for the emacs editor, for instance).  The trade-off is that it will take longer for output from a “normal” program to pause in response to  an  XOFF.   With
flow-control  turned on, XON and XOFF characters are used to immediately pause the output of the current window.  You can still send these characters to the
current program, but you must use the appropriate two-character screen commands (typically “C-a q” (xon) and “C-a s” (xoff)).   The  xon/xoff  commands  are
also useful for typing C-s and C-q past a terminal that intercepts these characters.

Each window has an initial flow-control value set with either the -f option or the “defflow” .screenrc command. Per default the windows are set to automatic
flow-switching.  It can then be toggled between the three states ‘fixed on’, ‘fixed off’ and ‘automatic’ interactively with the “flow” command bound to “C-a
f”.

The  automatic  flow-switching  mode deals with flow control using the TIOCPKT mode (like “rlogin” does). If the tty driver does not support TIOCPKT, screen
tries to find out the right mode based on the current setting of the application keypad – when it is enabled, flow-control is turned off and visa versa.  Of
course, you can still manipulate flow-control manually when needed.

If  you’re  running  with flow-control enabled and find that pressing the interrupt key (usually C-c) does not interrupt the display until another 6-8 lines
have scrolled by, try running screen with the “interrupt” option (add the “interrupt” flag to the “flow” command in your .screenrc, or use the  -i  command-
line  option).   This causes the output that screen has accumulated from the interrupted program to be flushed.  One disadvantage is that the virtual termi‐
nal’s memory contains the non-flushed version of the output, which in rare cases can cause minor inaccuracies in the output.  For  example,  if  you  switch
screens and return, or update the screen with “C-a l” you would see the version of the output you would have gotten without “interrupt” being on.  Also, you
might need to turn off flow-control (or use auto-flow mode to turn it off automatically) when running a program that expects you to type the interrupt char‐
acter  as input, as it is possible to interrupt the output of the virtual terminal to your physical terminal when flow-control is enabled.  If this happens,
a simple refresh of the screen with “C-a l” will restore it.  Give each mode a try, and use whichever mode you find more comfortable.

TITLES (naming windows)
You can customize each window’s name in the window display (viewed with the “windows” command (C-a w)) by setting it with one of the title  commands.   Nor‐
mally  the  name displayed is the actual command name of the program created in the window.  However, it is sometimes useful to distinguish various programs
of the same name or to change the name on-the-fly to reflect the current state of the window.

The default name for all shell windows can be set with the “shelltitle” command in the .screenrc file, while all other windows are created with  a  “screen”
command  and  thus  can have their name set with the -t option.  Interactively, there is the title-string escape-sequence (<esc>kname<esc>\) and the “title”
command (C-a A).  The former can be output from an application to control the window’s name under software control, and the latter will prompt  for  a  name
when typed.  You can also bind pre-defined names to keys with the “title” command to set things quickly without prompting.

Finally,  screen  has  a  shell-specific  heuristic that is enabled by setting the window’s name to “search|name” and arranging to have a null title escape-
sequence output as a part of your prompt.  The search portion specifies an end-of-prompt search string, while the name portion specifies the  default  shell
name  for the window.  If the name ends in a `:’ screen will add what it believes to be the current command running in the window to the end of the window’s
shell name (e.g. “name:cmd”).  Otherwise the current command name supersedes the shell name while it is running.

Here’s how it works:  you must modify your shell prompt to output a null title-escape-sequence (<esc>k<esc>\) as a part of your prompt.  The  last  part  of
your  prompt  must  be  the  same  as  the string you specified for the search portion of the title.  Once this is set up, screen will use the title-escape-
sequence to clear the previous command name and get ready for the next command.  Then, when a newline is received from the shell, a search is made  for  the
end  of  the prompt.  If found, it will grab the first word after the matched string and use it as the command name.  If the command name begins with either
‘!’, ‘%’, or ‘^’ screen will use the first word on the following line (if found) in preference to the just-found name.  This helps csh users get better com‐
mand names when using job control or history recall commands.

Here’s some .screenrc examples:

screen -t top 2 nice top

Adding this line to your .screenrc would start a nice-d version of the “top” command in window 2 named “top” rather than “nice”.

shelltitle ‘> |csh’
screen 1

These  commands  would  start a shell with the given shelltitle.  The title specified is an auto-title that would expect the prompt and the typed command to
look something like the following:

/usr/joe/src/dir> trn

(it looks after the ‘> ‘ for the command name).  The window status would show the name “trn” while the command was running, and revert to “csh” upon comple‐
tion.

bind R screen -t ‘% |root:’ su

Having  this  command  in  your .screenrc would bind the key sequence “C-a R” to the “su” command and give it an auto-title name of “root:”.  For this auto-
title to work, the screen could look something like this:
% !em
emacs file.c

Here the user typed the csh history command “!em” which ran the previously entered “emacs” command.  The window status would show  “root:emacs”  during  the
execution of the command, and revert to simply “root:” at its completion.

bind o title
bind E title “”
bind u title (unknown)

The  first  binding  doesn’t  have any arguments, so it would prompt you for a title. when you type “C-a o”.  The second binding would clear an auto-title’s
current setting (C-a E).  The third binding would set the current window’s title to “(unknown)” (C-a u).

One thing to keep in mind when adding a null title-escape-sequence to your prompt is that some shells (like the csh) count all the non-control characters as
part of the prompt’s length.  If these invisible characters aren’t a multiple of 8 then backspacing over a tab will result in an incorrect display.  One way
to get around this is to use a prompt like this:

set prompt=’^[[0000m^[k^[\% ‘

The escape-sequence “<esc>[0000m” not only normalizes the character attributes, but all the zeros round the length of the  invisible  characters  up  to  8.
Bash users will probably want to echo the escape sequence in the PROMPT_COMMAND:

PROMPT_COMMAND=’printf “\033k\033\134″‘

(I used “134” to output a `\’ because of a bug in bash v1.04).

THE VIRTUAL TERMINAL
Each window in a screen session emulates a VT100 terminal, with some extra functions added. The VT100 emulator is hard-coded, no other terminal types can be
emulated.
Usually screen tries to emulate as much of the VT100/ANSI standard as possible. But if your terminal lacks certain capabilities, the emulation  may  not  be
complete.  In  these  cases screen has to tell the applications that some of the features are missing. This is no problem on machines using termcap, because
screen can use the $TERMCAP variable to customize the standard screen termcap.

But if you do a rlogin on another machine or your machine supports only terminfo this method fails. Because of this, screen offers a way to deal with  these
cases.  Here is how it works:

When  screen  tries  to figure out a terminal name for itself, it first looks for an entry named “screen.<term>”, where <term> is the contents of your $TERM
variable.  If no such entry exists, screen tries “screen” (or “screen-w” if the terminal is wide (132 cols or more)).  If even this entry cannot  be  found,
“vt100” is used as a substitute.

The  idea  is that if you have a terminal which doesn’t support an important feature (e.g. delete char or clear to EOS) you can build a new termcap/terminfo
entry for screen (named “screen.<dumbterm>”) in which this capability has been disabled. If this entry is installed on your machines you are able  to  do  a
rlogin and still keep the correct termcap/terminfo entry.  The terminal name is put in the $TERM variable of all new windows.  Screen also sets the $TERMCAP
variable reflecting the capabilities of the virtual terminal emulated. Notice that, however, on machines using the terminfo database this  variable  has  no
effect.  Furthermore, the variable $WINDOW is set to the window number of each window.

The  actual  set  of  capabilities  supported by the virtual terminal depends on the capabilities supported by the physical terminal.  If, for instance, the
physical terminal does not support underscore mode, screen does not put the `us’ and `ue’ capabilities into the  window’s  $TERMCAP  variable,  accordingly.
However, a minimum number of capabilities must be supported by a terminal in order to run screen; namely scrolling, clear screen, and direct cursor address‐
ing (in addition, screen does not run on hardcopy terminals or on terminals that over-strike).

Also, you can customize the $TERMCAP value used by screen by using the “termcap” .screenrc command, or by defining the variable $SCREENCAP prior to startup.
When  the  is latter defined, its value will be copied verbatim into each window’s $TERMCAP variable.  This can either be the full terminal definition, or a
filename where the terminal “screen” (and/or “screen-w”) is defined.

Note that screen honors the “terminfo” .screenrc command if the system uses the terminfo database rather than termcap.

When the boolean `G0′ capability is present in the termcap entry for the terminal on which screen has been called, the terminal emulation of screen supports
multiple character sets.  This allows an application to make use of, for instance, the VT100 graphics character set or national character sets.  The follow‐
ing control functions from ISO 2022 are supported: lock shift G0 (SI), lock shift G1 (SO), lock shift G2, lock shift G3, single shift G2, and  single  shift
G3.  When a virtual terminal is created or reset, the ASCII character set is designated as G0 through G3.  When the `G0′ capability is present, screen eval‐
uates the capabilities `S0′, `E0′, and `C0′ if present. `S0′ is the sequence the terminal uses to enable and start the graphics character  set  rather  than
SI.   `E0′  is  the  corresponding  replacement  for SO. `C0′ gives a character by character translation string that is used during semi-graphics mode. This
string is built like the `acsc’ terminfo capability.

When the `po’ and `pf’ capabilities are present in the terminal’s termcap entry, applications running in a screen window can send output to the printer port
of the terminal.  This allows a user to have an application in one window sending output to a printer connected to the terminal, while all other windows are
still active (the printer port is enabled and disabled again for each chunk of output).  As a side-effect, programs running in different  windows  can  send
output  to the printer simultaneously.  Data sent to the printer is not displayed in the window.  The info command displays a line starting `PRIN’ while the
printer is active.
Screen maintains a hardstatus line for every window. If a window gets selected, the display’s hardstatus will be updated to match  the  window’s  hardstatus
line.  If  the display has no hardstatus the line will be displayed as a standard screen message.  The hardstatus line can be changed with the ANSI Applica‐
tion Program Command (APC): “ESC_<string>ESC\”. As a convenience for xterm users the sequence “ESC]0..2;<string>^G” is also accepted.

Some capabilities are only put into the $TERMCAP variable of the virtual terminal if they can be efficiently implemented  by  the  physical  terminal.   For
instance,  `dl’ (delete line) is only put into the $TERMCAP variable if the terminal supports either delete line itself or scrolling regions. Note that this
may provoke confusion, when the session is reattached on a different terminal, as the value of $TERMCAP cannot be modified by parent processes.

The “alternate screen” capability is not enabled by default.  Set the altscreen .screenrc command to enable it.

The following is a list of control sequences recognized by screen.  “(V)” and “(A)” indicate VT100-specific and ANSI-  or  ISO-specific  functions,  respec‐
tively.

ESC E                      Next Line

ESC D                      Index

ESC M                      Reverse Index

ESC H                      Horizontal Tab Set

ESC Z                      Send VT100 Identification String

ESC 7                 (V)  Save Cursor and Attributes

ESC 8                 (V)  Restore Cursor and Attributes

ESC [s                (A)  Save Cursor and Attributes

ESC [u                (A)  Restore Cursor and Attributes

ESC c                      Reset to Initial State

ESC g                      Visual Bell

ESC Pn p                   Cursor Visibility (97801)

Pn = 6                 Invisible

7                 Visible

ESC =                 (V)  Application Keypad Mode

ESC >                 (V)  Numeric Keypad Mode

ESC # 8               (V)  Fill Screen with E’s

ESC \                 (A)  String Terminator

ESC ^                 (A)  Privacy Message String (Message Line)

ESC !                      Global Message String (Message Line)

ESC k                      A.k.a. Definition String

ESC P                 (A)  Device Control String.  Outputs a string directly to the host terminal without interpretation.

ESC _                 (A)  Application Program Command (Hardstatus)

ESC ] 0 ; string ^G   (A)  Operating System Command (Hardstatus, xterm title hack)

ESC ] 83 ; cmd ^G     (A)  Execute  screen  command.  This  only  works if multi-user support is compiled into screen. The pseudo-user “:window:” is used to
check the access control list. Use “addacl :window: -rwx #?” to create a user with no rights and allow only the needed commands.

Control-N             (A)  Lock Shift G1 (SO)

Control-O             (A)  Lock Shift G0 (SI)

ESC n                 (A)  Lock Shift G2
ESC o                 (A)  Lock Shift G3

ESC N                 (A)  Single Shift G2

ESC O                 (A)  Single Shift G3

ESC ( Pcs             (A)  Designate character set as G0

ESC ) Pcs             (A)  Designate character set as G1

ESC * Pcs             (A)  Designate character set as G2

ESC + Pcs             (A)  Designate character set as G3

ESC [ Pn ; Pn H            Direct Cursor Addressing

ESC [ Pn ; Pn f            same as above

ESC [ Pn J                 Erase in Display

Pn = None or 0       From Cursor to End of Screen

1               From Beginning of Screen to Cursor

2               Entire Screen

ESC [ Pn K                 Erase in Line

Pn = None or 0       From Cursor to End of Line

1               From Beginning of Line to Cursor

2               Entire Line

ESC [ Pn X                 Erase character

ESC [ Pn A                 Cursor Up

ESC [ Pn B                 Cursor Down

ESC [ Pn C                 Cursor Right

ESC [ Pn D                 Cursor Left

ESC [ Pn E                 Cursor next line

ESC [ Pn F                 Cursor previous line

ESC [ Pn G                 Cursor horizontal position

ESC [ Pn `                 same as above

ESC [ Pn d                 Cursor vertical position

ESC [ Ps ;…; Ps m          Select Graphic Rendition

Ps = None or 0       Default Rendition

1               Bold

2          (A)  Faint

3          (A)  Standout Mode (ANSI: Italicized)

4               Underlined

5               Blinking

7               Negative Image
22         (A)  Normal Intensity

23         (A)  Standout Mode off (ANSI: Italicized off)

24         (A)  Not Underlined

25         (A)  Not Blinking

27         (A)  Positive Image

30         (A)  Foreground Black

31         (A)  Foreground Red

32         (A)  Foreground Green

33         (A)  Foreground Yellow

34         (A)  Foreground Blue

35         (A)  Foreground Magenta

36         (A)  Foreground Cyan

37         (A)  Foreground White

39         (A)  Foreground Default

40         (A)  Background Black

…               …

49         (A)  Background Default

ESC [ Pn g                 Tab Clear

Pn = None or 0       Clear Tab at Current Position

3               Clear All Tabs

ESC [ Pn ; Pn r       (V)  Set Scrolling Region

ESC [ Pn I            (A)  Horizontal Tab

ESC [ Pn Z            (A)  Backward Tab

ESC [ Pn L            (A)  Insert Line

ESC [ Pn M            (A)  Delete Line

ESC [ Pn @            (A)  Insert Character

ESC [ Pn P            (A)  Delete Character

ESC [ Pn S                 Scroll Scrolling Region Up

ESC [ Pn T                 Scroll Scrolling Region Down

ESC [ Pn ^                 same as above

ESC [ Ps ;…; Ps h          Set Mode

ESC [ Ps ;…; Ps l          Reset Mode

Ps = 4          (A)  Insert Mode

20         (A)  Automatic Linefeed Mode

34              Normal Cursor Visibility

?1         (V)  Application Cursor Keys

?3         (V)  Change Terminal Width to 132 columns

?5         (V)  Reverse Video

?6         (V)  Origin Mode

?7         (V)  Wrap Mode

?9              X10 mouse tracking

?25        (V)  Visible Cursor

?47             Alternate Screen (old xterm code)

?1000      (V)  VT200 mouse tracking

?1047           Alternate Screen (new xterm code)

?1049           Alternate Screen (new xterm code)

ESC [ 5 i             (A)  Start relay to printer (ANSI Media Copy)

ESC [ 4 i             (A)  Stop relay to printer (ANSI Media Copy)

ESC [ 8 ; Ph ; Pw t        Resize the window to `Ph’ lines and `Pw’ columns (SunView special)

ESC [ c                    Send VT100 Identification String

ESC [ x                    Send Terminal Parameter Report

ESC [ > c                  Send VT220 Secondary Device Attributes String

ESC [ 6 n                  Send Cursor Position Report

INPUT TRANSLATION
In order to do a full VT100 emulation screen has to detect that a sequence of characters in the input stream was generated by a keypress on the user’s  key‐
board  and insert the VT100 style escape sequence. Screen has a very flexible way of doing this by making it possible to map arbitrary commands on arbitrary
sequences of characters. For standard VT100 emulation the command will always insert a string in the input buffer of the window (see also command  stuff  in
the  command  table).  Because the sequences generated by a keypress can change after a reattach from a different terminal type, it is possible to bind com‐
mands to the termcap name of the keys.  Screen will insert the correct binding after each reattach. See the bindkey command for further details on the  syn‐
tax and examples.

Here is the table of the default key bindings. (A) means that the command is executed if the keyboard is switched into application mode.

Key name          Termcap name    Command
______________________________________________________
Cursor up             ku          stuff \033[A
stuff \033OA    (A)
Cursor down           kd          stuff \033[B
stuff \033OB    (A)
Cursor right          kr          stuff \033[C
stuff \033OC    (A)
Cursor left           kl          stuff \033[D
stuff \033OD    (A)
Function key 0        k0          stuff \033[10~
Function key 1        k1          stuff \033OP
Function key 2        k2          stuff \033OQ
Function key 3        k3          stuff \033OR
Function key 4        k4          stuff \033OS
Function key 5        k5          stuff \033[15~
Function key 6        k6          stuff \033[17~
Function key 7        k7          stuff \033[18~
Function key 8        k8          stuff \033[19~
Function key 9        k9          stuff \033[20~
Function key 10       k;          stuff \033[21~
Function key 11       F1          stuff \033[23~
Function key 12       F2          stuff \033[24~
Home                  kh          stuff \033[1~
End                   kH          stuff \033[4~
Insert                kI          stuff \033[2~
Delete                kD          stuff \033[3~
Page up               kP          stuff \033[5~
Page down             kN          stuff \033[6~
Keypad 0              f0          stuff 0
stuff \033Op    (A)
Keypad 1              f1          stuff 1
stuff \033Oq    (A)
Keypad 2              f2          stuff 2
stuff \033Or    (A)
Keypad 3              f3          stuff 3
stuff \033Os    (A)
Keypad 4              f4          stuff 4
stuff \033Ot    (A)
Keypad 5              f5          stuff 5
stuff \033Ou    (A)
Keypad 6              f6          stuff 6
stuff \033Ov    (A)
Keypad 7              f7          stuff 7
stuff \033Ow    (A)
Keypad 8              f8          stuff 8
stuff \033Ox    (A)
Keypad 9              f9          stuff 9
stuff \033Oy    (A)
Keypad +              f+          stuff +
stuff \033Ok    (A)
Keypad –              f-          stuff –
stuff \033Om    (A)
Keypad *              f*          stuff *
stuff \033Oj    (A)
Keypad /              f/          stuff /
stuff \033Oo    (A)
Keypad =              fq          stuff =
stuff \033OX    (A)
Keypad .              f.          stuff .
stuff \033On    (A)
Keypad ,              f,          stuff ,
stuff \033Ol    (A)
Keypad enter          fe          stuff \015
stuff \033OM    (A)

SPECIAL TERMINAL CAPABILITIES
The  following  table describes all terminal capabilities that are recognized by screen and are not in the termcap(5) manual.  You can place these capabili‐
ties in your termcap entries (in `/etc/termcap’) or use them with the commands `termcap’, `terminfo’ and `termcapinfo’ in your screenrc files. It  is  often
not possible to place these capabilities in the terminfo database.

LP   (bool)  Terminal has VT100 style margins (`magic margins’). Note that this capability is obsolete because screen uses the standard ‘xn’ instead.

Z0   (str)   Change width to 132 columns.

Z1   (str)   Change width to 80 columns.

WS   (str)   Resize display. This capability has the desired width and height as arguments. SunView(tm) example: ‘\E[8;%d;%dt’.

NF   (bool)  Terminal doesn’t need flow control. Send ^S and ^Q direct to the application. Same as ‘flow off’. The opposite of this capability is ‘nx’.

G0   (bool)  Terminal can deal with ISO 2022 font selection sequences.

S0   (str)   Switch charset ‘G0’ to the specified charset. Default is ‘\E(%.’.

E0   (str)   Switch charset ‘G0’ back to standard charset. Default is ‘\E(B’.

C0   (str)   Use the string as a conversion table for font ‘0’. See the ‘ac’ capability for more details.

CS   (str)   Switch cursor-keys to application mode.

CE   (str)   Switch cursor-keys back to normal mode.

AN   (bool)  Turn on autonuke. See the ‘autonuke’ command for more details.

OL   (num)   Set the output buffer limit. See the ‘obuflimit’ command for more details.

KJ   (str)   Set the encoding of the terminal. See the ‘encoding’ command for valid encodings.

AF   (str)   Change  character  foreground  color  in  an ANSI conform way. This capability will almost always be set to ‘\E[3%dm’ (‘\E[3%p1%dm’ on terminfo
machines).

AB   (str)   Same as ‘AF’, but change background color.

AX   (bool)  Does understand ANSI set default fg/bg color (\E[39m / \E[49m).

XC   (str)   Describe a translation of characters to strings depending on the current font. More details follow in the next section.

XT   (bool)  Terminal understands special xterm sequences (OSC, mouse tracking).

C8   (bool)  Terminal needs bold to display high-intensity colors (e.g. Eterm).

TF   (bool)  Add missing capabilities to the termcap/info entry. (Set by default).

CHARACTER TRANSLATION
Screen has a powerful mechanism to translate characters to arbitrary strings depending on the current font and terminal type.  Use this feature if you  want
to  work with a common standard character set (say ISO8851-latin1) even on terminals that scatter the more unusual characters over several national language
font pages.
Syntax:
XC=<charset-mapping>{,,<charset-mapping>}
<charset-mapping> := <designator><template>{,<mapping>}
<mapping> := <char-to-be-mapped><template-arg>

The things in braces may be repeated any number of times.

A <charset-mapping> tells screen how to map characters in font <designator> (‘B’: Ascii, ‘A’: UK, ‘K’: German, etc.)  to strings. Every <mapping>  describes
to  what string a single character will be translated. A template mechanism is used, as most of the time the codes have a lot in common (for example strings
to switch to and from another charset). Each occurrence of ‘%’ in <template> gets substituted with the <template-arg> specified together with the character.
If  your  strings  are  not similar at all, then use ‘%’ as a template and place the full string in <template-arg>. A quoting mechanism was added to make it
possible to use a real ‘%’. The ‘\’ character quotes the special characters ‘\’, ‘%’, and ‘,’.

Here is an example:

termcap hp700 ‘XC=B\E(K%\E(B,\304[,\326\\\\,\334]’

This tells screen how to translate ISOlatin1 (charset ‘B’) upper case umlaut characters on a hp700 terminal that has a German charset.  ‘\304’  gets  trans‐
lated  to  ‘\E(K[\E(B’  and  so  on.  Note that this line gets parsed *three* times before the internal lookup table is built, therefore a lot of quoting is
needed to create a single ‘\’.

Another extension was added to allow more emulation: If a mapping translates the unquoted ‘%’ char, it will be sent to the terminal whenever screen switches
to  the  corresponding  <designator>. In this special case the template is assumed to be just ‘%’ because the charset switch sequence and the character map‐
pings normally haven’t much in common.

This example shows one use of the extension:

termcap xterm ‘XC=K%,%\E(B,[\304,\\\\\326,]\334’

Here, a part of the German (‘K’) charset is emulated on an xterm.  If screen has to change to the ‘K’ charset, ‘\E(B’ will be sent to the terminal, i.e. the
ASCII charset is used instead. The template is just ‘%’, so the mapping is straightforward: ‘[‘ to ‘\304’, ‘\’ to ‘\326’, and ‘]’ to ‘\334′.

ENVIRONMENT
COLUMNS        Number of columns on the terminal (overrides termcap entry).
HOME           Directory in which to look for .screenrc.
LINES          Number of lines on the terminal (overrides termcap entry).
LOCKPRG        Screen lock program.
NETHACKOPTIONS Turns on nethack option.
PATH           Used for locating programs to run.
SCREENCAP      For customizing a terminal’s TERMCAP value.
SCREENDIR      Alternate socket directory.
SCREENRC       Alternate user screenrc file.
SHELL          Default shell program for opening windows (default “/bin/sh”).  See also “shell” .screenrc command.
STY            Alternate socket name.
SYSSCREENRC    Alternate system screenrc file.
TERM           Terminal name.
TERMCAP        Terminal description.
WINDOW         Window number of a window (at creation time).

FILES
…/screen-4.?.??/etc/screenrc
…/screen-4.?.??/etc/etcscreenrc   Examples in the screen distribution package for private and global initialization files.
$SYSSCREENRC
/etc/screenrc                     screen initialization commands
$SCREENRC
$HOME/.screenrc                   Read in after /etc/screenrc
$SCREENDIR/S-<login>
/var/run/screen/S-<login>         Socket directories (default)
/usr/tmp/screens/S-<login>        Alternate socket directories.
<socket directory>/.termcap       Written by the “termcap” output function
/usr/tmp/screens/screen-exchange  or
/tmp/screen-exchange              screen `interprocess communication buffer’
hardcopy.[0-9]                    Screen images created by the hardcopy function
screenlog.[0-9]                   Output log files created by the log function
/usr/lib/terminfo/?/*             or
/etc/termcap                      Terminal capability databases
/var/run/utmp                     Login records
$LOCKPRG                          Program that locks a terminal.
SEE ALSO
termcap(5), utmp(5), vi(1), captoinfo(1), tic(1)

AUTHORS
Originally created by Oliver Laumann, this latest version was produced by Juergen Weigert, Michael Schroeder, Micah Cowan and Sadrul Habib Chowdhury.

COPYLEFT
Copyright (c) 2010
Juergen Weigert ([email protected])
Sadrul Habib Chowdhury ([email protected])
Copyright (c) 2008, 2009
Juergen Weigert ([email protected])
Michael Schroeder ([email protected])
Micah Cowan ([email protected])
Sadrul Habib Chowdhury ([email protected])
Copyright (C) 1993-2003
Juergen Weigert ([email protected])
Michael Schroeder ([email protected])
Copyright (C) 1987 Oliver Laumann
This  program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of  MERCHANTABILITY  or  FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program (see the file COPYING); if not, write to the Free Software Founda‐
tion, Inc., 59 Temple Place – Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA

CONTRIBUTORS
Ken Beal ([email protected]),
Rudolf Koenig ([email protected]),
Toerless Eckert ([email protected]),
Wayne Davison ([email protected]),
Patrick Wolfe ([email protected], kailand!pat),
Bart Schaefer ([email protected]),
Nathan Glasser ([email protected]),
Larry W. Virden ([email protected]),
Howard Chu ([email protected]),
Tim MacKenzie ([email protected]),
Markku Jarvinen (mta@{cc,cs,ee}.tut.fi),
Marc Boucher ([email protected]),
Doug Siebert ([email protected]),
Ken Stillson ([email protected]),
Ian Frechett ([email protected]),
Brian Koehmstedt ([email protected]),
Don Smith ([email protected]),
Frank van der Linden ([email protected]),
Martin Schweikert ([email protected]),
David Vrona ([email protected]),
E. Tye McQueen (tye%[email protected]),
Matthew Green ([email protected]),
Christopher Williams ([email protected]),
Matt Mosley ([email protected]),
Gregory Neil Shapiro ([email protected]),
Johannes Zellner ([email protected]),
Pablo Averbuj ([email protected]).

VERSION
This is version 4.1.0. Its roots are a merge of a custom version 2.3PR7 by Wayne Davison and several enhancements to Oliver Laumann’s version 2.0. Note that
all versions numbered 2.x are copyright by Oliver Laumann.

AVAILABILITY
The  latest  official  release of screen available via anonymous ftp from gnudist.gnu.org, nic.funet.fi or any other GNU distribution site. The home site of
screen is ftp.uni-erlangen.de, in the directory pub/utilities/screen. The subdirectory `private’ contains the latest beta testing release. If  you  want  to
help, send a note to [email protected].
BUGS
·  `dm’ (delete mode) and `xs’ are not handled correctly (they are ignored). `xn’ is treated as a magic-margin indicator.

·  Screen has no clue about double-high or double-wide characters.  But this is the only area where vttest is allowed to fail.

·  It is not possible to change the environment variable $TERMCAP when reattaching under a different terminal type.

·  The support of terminfo based systems is very limited. Adding extra capabilities to $TERMCAP may not have any effects.

·  Screen does not make use of hardware tabs.

·  Screen  must  be  installed  as set-uid with owner root on most systems in order to be able to correctly change the owner of the tty device file for each
window.  Special permission may also be required to write the file “/var/run/utmp”.

·  Entries in “/var/run/utmp” are not removed when screen is killed with SIGKILL.  This will cause some programs (like “w” or “rwho”) to  advertise  that  a
user is logged on who really isn’t.

·  Screen may give a strange warning when your tty has no utmp entry.

·  When the modem line was hung up, screen may not automatically detach (or quit) unless the device driver is configured to send a HANGUP signal.  To detach
a screen session use the -D or -d command line option.

·  If a password is set, the command line options -d and -D still detach a session without asking.

·  Both “breaktype” and “defbreaktype” change the break generating method used by all terminal devices. The first should change a window  specific  setting,
where the latter should change only the default for new windows.

·  When  attaching to a multiuser session, the user’s .screenrc file is not sourced. Each user’s personal settings have to be included in the .screenrc file
from which the session is booted, or have to be changed manually.

·  A weird imagination is most useful to gain full advantage of all the features.

·  Send bug-reports, fixes, enhancements, t-shirts, money, beer & pizza to [email protected].

4th Berkeley Distribution                                                     Aug 2003                                                                    SCREEN(1)